单选集
单选集
HAV是（）
A:呼吸道病毒 B:RNA病毒 C:DNA病毒 D:逆转录病毒 E:肿瘤病毒
HAV（ ）
A:生活能力较弱，不耐高温，不能在痂皮中存活，易被消毒剂灭活。但能在疱疹液中-65℃下存活8年。 B:在体外抵抗力较强，在-20℃条件下保存数年，其传染性不变，能耐受56℃30分钟的温度及pH3的酸度；加热煮沸(100℃)5分钟或干热160℃20分钟，紫外线照射1小时，氯1mg/L30分钟或甲醛(1：4000)37℃72小时均可使之灭活 C:在体外抵抗力很强，紫外线照射，加热60℃4小时及一般浓度的化学消毒剂(如苯酚，硫柳汞等)均不能使之灭活，在干燥或冰冻环境下能生存数月到数年，加热60℃持续10小时，煮沸(100℃)20分钟，__蒸汽122℃10分钟或过氧乙酸(0．5%)7.5分钟以上则可以灭活 D:对外界抵抗力较弱，加热56℃30分钟和一般消毒剂如0.5%次氯酸钠，5%甲醛、70%乙醇2%戊二醛等均可灭活，但对紫外线不敏感 E:对脂溶剂很敏感，易被紫外线及γ射线灭活，一般消毒剂(碘酒、酒精、__等)均可将病毒杀灭
HAV是（）
A:引起甲型肝炎的病毒，经粪-口传播 B:引起乙型肝炎的病毒，经多种途径传播 C:引起丙型肝炎的病毒，经血传播 D:常与乙型肝炎病毒重复感染的缺陷病毒，经血传播 E:引起戊型肝炎的病毒，经粪-口传播
HAV是（）
A:脊髓灰质炎病毒 B:甲型肝炎病毒 C:流行性乙型脑炎病毒 D:丙型肝炎病毒 E:人类免疫缺陷病毒
Passage 3
| Because smoking is a form of addiction,
80% percent of smokers who quit usually experience some withdrawal symptoms
(断症状瘾). These may include headache, light-headedness, and chest pains.
Psychological symptoms, such as anxiety, short-term depression, and inability to
concentrate, may also appear. The main psychological symptom is increased
irritability. People become so irritable, in fact, that they say the feel "like
killing some body". Yet there in no evidence that quitting smoking leads to
physical violence. Some people seem to lose all their energy and drive, wanting only to sleep. Others react in exactly the opposite way. Becoming so over energized that they can’t find enough activity to burn off their excess energy. For instance, one woman said she cleaned out all her closets completely and was ready to go next to start on her neighbor’s. Both these extremes, however, eventually, the symptoms may be intense for two or three days, but within 10 to 14 days after quitting, most subside (平静下来). The truth is that after people quit smoking, they have more energy, they generally will need less sleep, and feel better about themselves. Quitting smoking not only extends the ex-smoker’s life. but adds new happiness and meaning to one’s current life. Most smokers state that immediately after they quit smoking, they start noticing dramatic differences in their overall health and vitality. Quitting is beneficial at any age, no matter how long a person has been smoking. The death rate of an ex-smoker decreases after quitting. If the patient quits before a serious disease has developed, his/her body may eventually be able to restore itself almost completely. |
A:To tell us that smokers will be over-energetic B:To indicate that smokers have to participate in some activities to help quit smoking C:To show that the smokers who quit will go to extremes D:To claim that smokers will be very helpful once the quit smoking
{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}
| ? ?There may be a good reason why some
people are not able to stop smoking cigarettes. A new study found that people
who suffer from depression were two times as likely to fail when they tried to
stop smoking. ? ?Alexander Glassman presented the findings recently during the yearly meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. Doctor Glassman is the director of an antismoking center at Columbia University in New York City. His study examined 100 smokers who have a history of depression. People with depression suffer periods of extreme sadness. ? ?The researchers studied people who have succeeded and those who have failed in their efforts to stop smoking. The study found that people who did stop smoking were two times as likely to suffer from depression again within six months as those who continued to smoke. ? ?Doctor Glassman says smokers who are depressed use tobacco to make themselves feel better. But, he says people with depression seem to have a much harder time stopping than non-depressed smokers. ? ?So, drugs to fight depression are now also being used to help people stop smoking. Doctors say the most effective one is called Buproprion. ? ?Buproprion mainly affects the brain chemical dopamine(多巴胺). nicotine(尼古丁) is a substance in tobacco that also affects dopamine. Buproprion helps people stop smoking because it eases the body’s desire for nicotine. Doctor Glassman says the drug does not make people stop smoking. But it makes it easier for those who want to stop. |
A:as likely to fail as non-depressed smokers B:more likely to fail than non-depressed smokers C:more likely to succeed than non-depressed smokers D:most likely to succeed among the smokers
{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}
| {{B}}? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? Common Problems, Common Solutions{{/B}} ? ?The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago--and decided it’s not for you. ? ?The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers--there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well. ? ?And finally it’s a pretty safe bet that you’re open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and nonsmokers--or you wouldn’t be reading this. ? ?And those three things make you incredibly important today. ? ?Because they mean that yours is the voice--not the smoker’s and not the anti-smoker’s-- that will determine how much of society’s efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together. ? ? For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One prominent health organization, to cite but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on "education" (much of it in anti-smoking propaganda) and only 2 cents on research. ? ?There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice. ? ?But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only temporary at best, and that over the long run, we can serve society’s interest better by working together in mutual accommodation. ? ?Whatever virtue walls may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can. |
A:smokers B:nonsmokers C:anti-smokers D:smokers who have quitted smoking
Common Problems, Common Solutions
The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago — and decided it’s not for you.
The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers — there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well.
And finally it’s a pretty safe bet that you’re open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and nonsmokers — or you wouldn’t be reading this.
And those three things make you incredibly important today.
Because they mean that yours is the voice — not the smoker’s and not the anti-smoker’s — that will determine how much of society’s efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together.
For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One prominent health organization, to cite but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on "education" (much of it in and-smoking propaganda) and only 2 cents on research.
There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice.
But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only temporary at best, and that over the long run, we can serve society’s interest better by working together in mutual accommodation.
Whatever virtue wails may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can.
In paragraph 4, "you" refers to______.
A:smokers B:nonsmokers C:anti-smokers D:smokers who have quitted smoking
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 ?
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}
| ?
Common Problems, Common
Solutions ? ?The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago — and decided it’s not for you. ? ?The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers — there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well. ? ?And finally it’s a pretty safe bet that you’re open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and non-smokers — or you wouldn’t be reading this. ? ?And those three things make you incredibly(难以置信地) important today. ? ?Because they mean that yours is the voice — not the smoker’s and not the anti-smoker’s — that will determine how much of society’s efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together. ? ?For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion(转移) of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases ,which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One prominent(卓越的) health organization, to cite(引证) but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on "education" (much of it in anti- smoking propaganda, and only 2 cents on research). ? ?There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice. ? ?But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only temporary(暂时的) at best, and that over the long run, we can serve society’s interest better by working together in mutual accommodation. ? ?Whatever virtue walls may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can. |
A:smokers. B:nonsmokers. C:anti-smokers. D:smokers who have quitted smoking.
{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}
| ?
Common Problems, Common
Solutions ? ?The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago and decided it’s not for you. ? ?The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers — there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well. ? ?And finally it’s a pretty safe bet that you’re open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and non-smokers — or you wouldn’t be reading this. ? ?And those three things make you incredibly(难以置信的) important today. ? ?Because they mean that yours is the voice — not the smoker’s and not the anti-smoker’s — that will determine how much of society’s efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together. ? ?For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion(转移) of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One prominent(卓越的) health organization, to cite(引证) but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on "education" (much of it in antismoking propaganda)and only 2 cents on research. ? ?There will always be some who want to build wails, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice. ? ?But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only temporary(暂时的) at best, and that over the long run, we can serve society’s interest better by working together in mutual accommodation. ? ?Whatever virtue walls may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can. |
A:smokers. B:nonsmokers. C:anti-smokers. D:smokers who have quitted smoking.
