Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy¹.

    Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.

    Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components from deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.

    Filters and low tar tobacco² are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.

词汇：

vaporize  /"veɪpəraɪz/  v．(使)蒸发   

bronchus /ˈbrɒŋkəs/  n．支气管

nicotine  /ˈnɪkəti:n/   n．尼古丁   

filter /"fɪltə(r)/   n．过滤嘴

membrane /"membreɪn/ n.孔．膜

注释：

1.1ife expectancy：预期寿命

Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers

A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

A
Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of the bladder(膀胱) and the oral cavity(口腔). Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from disease than non-smoking males.
Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. The majority of physicians and researchers consider these relationships proved to their satisfaction and say. "Give up smoking. If you don’t smoke, don’t start. "Some physicians and research workers though their small number is dwindling(减少)even further are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider the increase in repiratory (呼吸的)diseases and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors in the complex human environment-atmospheric (大气的) pollution, increased nervous stress, chemical substances(物质) in food, or chemical pesticides(杀虫剂)that are now being used by farmers in vast quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence (巧合)live in industrial areas, or eat more canned food. Gradually, however, research is isolating (隔离) all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically (统计) irrelevant (不相关). While all tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health, cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine consumption (用量) is not made less by the latter forms, and current research pointed out relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters(过滤 ) and low tar(焦油) tobacco are claimed(声明) to make smoking to some degree safer, but they can only marginally(边缘地) reduce the danger.

A:male smokers smoke more than female ones B:male smokers are more likely to be affected by smoking C:male smokers breath in the smoke deeper than female ones D:male smokers are more likely to be affected by other factors in envionment

Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort for their fellows. (21) ,medical authorities express their concern about the effect of smoking (22) the health not only of those who smoke but also of those who do not. In fact, non-smokers who must involuntarily inhale (吸入) the air (23) by tobacco smoke may suffer more than the smokers (24) ．
Smoking is prohibited in the theatres and in the halls used for showing films (25) in laboratories (26) there may be a fire hazard (危险). Elsewhere, it is up to your good (27) ．
I am (28) asking you to maintain "No-Smoking" in classrooms and seminar rooms. This will prove that you have the (29) health in mind, which is very important to a large (30) of our students.

A:non-smokers B:non-smokers' C:non - smoker' s D:non - smoker

Male smokers are more affected by smoking than female ones because ______.

A:male smokers smoke more than female ones B:male smokers are more likely to be affected by smoking C:male smokers breath in the smoke deeper than female ones D:male smokers are more likely to be affected by other factors in envionment

{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}

A:smokers B:nonsmokers C:anti-smokers D:smokers who have quitted smoking

Common Problems, Common Solutions
The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago — and decided it’s not for you.
The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers — there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well.
And finally it’s a pretty safe bet that you’re open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and nonsmokers — or you wouldn’t be reading this.
And those three things make you incredibly important today.
Because they mean that yours is the voice — not the smoker’s and not the anti-smoker’s — that will determine how much of society’s efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together.
For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One prominent health organization, to cite but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on "education" (much of it in and-smoking propaganda) and only 2 cents on research.
There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice.
But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only temporary at best, and that over the long run, we can serve society’s interest better by working together in mutual accommodation.
Whatever virtue wails may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can.
In paragraph 4, "you" refers to______.

A:smokers B:nonsmokers C:anti-smokers D:smokers who have quitted smoking

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 ?
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}

A:smokers. B:nonsmokers. C:anti-smokers. D:smokers who have quitted smoking.

{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}

A:smokers. B:nonsmokers. C:anti-smokers. D:smokers who have quitted smoking.