During half way to the project execution, you were assigned as a project manager. After careful reviewing of the project, you found that the project might take double the time that the previous manager estimated. However, the upper management has been told that the project is on schedule. The previous manager is an old friend of yours, what will you do ？（）

A:Report your evaluation to the upper management B:Have a team meeting to find the alternatives to meet the project schedule C:Meet the previous project manager and turn the project back D:Execute the project as planned by the previous manager

During half way to the project execution，you were assigned as a project manager．After careful reviewing of the project，you found that the project might take double the time that the previous manager estimated．However，the upper management has been told that the project is on schedule．The previous manager is an old friend of yours，what will you do ？（）

A:Report your evaluation to the upper managemen B:Have a team meeting to find the alternatives to meet the project schedul C:Meet the previous project manager and turn the project bac D:Execute the project as planned by the previous manage

Many people consider the wider use of biofuels a promising way of reducing the amount of surplus carbon dioxide (CO₂) being pumped into the air by the world’s mechanized transport. The theory is that plants such as sugar cane, maize (corn, to Americans), oilseed rape and wheat take up CO₂ during their growth, so burning fuels made from them should have no net effect on the amount of that gas in the atmosphere.
Theory, though, does not always translate into practice, and just as governments have committed themselves to the greater use of biofuels, questions are being raised about how green this form of energy really is. The latest comes from the International Council for Science (ICSU) based in Paris.
The ICSU report concludes that, so far, the production of biofuels has aggravated rather than ameliorated global warming. In particular, it supports some controversial findings published in 2007 by Paul Crutzen of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Germany. Dr. Crutzen concluded that most analyses had underestimated the importance to global warming of a gas called nitrous oxide (N₂O). The amount of this gas released by farming biofuel crops such as maize and rape probably negates by itself any advantage offered by reduced emissions of CO₂.
Although N₂O is not common in the Earth’s atmosphere, it is a more potent greenhouse gas than CO₂ and it hangs around longer. The result is that, over the course of a century, its ability to warm the planet is almost 300 times that of an equivalent mass of CO₂.
N₂O is made by bacteria that live in soil and water and, these days, their raw material is often the nitrogen-rich fertiliser that modern farming requires. Since the 1960s the amount of fertiliser used by farmers has increased sixfold, and not all of that extra nitrogen ends up in their crops. Maize, in particular, is described by experts in the field as a “nitrogen-leaky” plant because it has shallow roots and takes up nitrogen for only a few months of the year. This would make maize (which is one of the main sources of biofuel) a particularly bad contributor to global N₂O emissions.
But it is not just biofuels that are to blame. The ICSU report suggests N₂O emissions in general are probably more important than had been realised. Previous studies, including those by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a United Nations-appointed body of experts, may have miscalculated their significance — and according to Adrian Williams of Cranfield University, in Britain, even the IPCC’s approach suggests that the global-warming potential of most of Britain’s annual crops is dominated by N₂O emissions.
Who is to blame besides biofuels

A:The ICSU researchers. B:Previous researchers. C:The IPCC researchers. D:Global governments.

Text 4
In 1960—1961, Chad (乍得) harvested 98,000 tons of cotton for the first time in its history, and put out the flag a little too soon. The efforts of the authorities to get the peasants ’ back’ to work, as they had slacked off a great deal the previous year during independence celebrations, largely contributed to it. Also, rains were well spaced, and continued through the whole month of October. If the 1961—1962 total is back to the region of 45,000 tons, it is mostly because efforts slackened again and sowing was started too late.
The average date of sowing is about July 1st. ff this date is simply moved up fifteen or twenty days, 30,000 to 60,000 tons of cotton are gained, depending on the year. The peasant in Chad sows his millet first, and it is hard to criticize this instinctive priority given to his ’ daily bread’.
An essential reason for his lateness with sowing cotton is that at the time when he should leave to prepare the fields he has just barely sold the cotton of the previous season. The work required to sow, in great heat, is psychologically far more difficult if one’s pockets are full of money. The date of cotton sales should therefore be moved forward as much as possible, and purchases of equipment and draught animals encouraged.
Peasants should also be encouraged to save money, to help them through the difficult pealed between harvests. If necessary they should be forced to do so, by having the payments for cotton given to them in installments. The last payment would be made after proof that the peasant has planted before the deadline, the date being advanced to the end of June. Those who have done so would receive extra money whereas the last planters would not receive their last payment until later.
Only the first steps are hard, because once work has started the peasants continue willingly on their way. Educational campaigns among the peasants will play an essential role in this basic advance, early sowing, on which all the others depend. It is not a matter of controlling the peasants.
Each peasant will remain master of his fields. One could, however, suggest the need for the time being of kind but firm rule, which, as long as it cannot be realized ’by the people’ , should at least be ’for the people. ’

A:the government greatly encouraged peasants B:rains favored the growth of cotton C:Chad gained independence in the previous year D:both A and B

Many people consider the wider use of biofuels a promising way of reducing the amount of surplus carbon dioxide (CO₂) being pumped into the air by the world’s mechanized transport. The theory is that plants such as sugar cane, maize (corn, to Americans), oilseed rape and wheat take up CO₂ during their growth, so burning fuels made from them should have no net effect on the amount of that gas in the atmosphere.
Theory, though, does not always translate into practice, and just as governments have committed themselves to the greater use of biofuels, questions are being raised about how green this form of energy really is. The latest comes from the International Council for Science (ICSU) based in Paris.
The ICSU report concludes that, so far, the production of biofuels has aggravated rather than ameliorated global warming. In particular, it supports some controversial findings published in 2007 by Paul Crutzen of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Germany. Dr. Crutzen concluded that most analyses had underestimated the importance to global warming of a gas called nitrous oxide (N₂O). The amount of this gas released by farming biofuel crops such as maize and rape probably negates by itself any advantage offered by reduced emissions of CO₂.
Although N₂O is not common in the Earth’s atmosphere, it is a more potent greenhouse gas than CO₂ and it hangs around longer. The result is that, over the course of a century, its ability to warm the planet is almost 300 times that of an equivalent mass of CO₂.
N₂O is made by bacteria that live in soil and water and, these days, their raw material is often the nitrogen-rich fertiliser that modern farming requires. Since the 1960s the amount of fertiliser used by farmers has increased sixfold, and not all of that extra nitrogen ends up in their crops. Maize, in particular, is described by experts in the field as a “nitrogen-leaky” plant because it has shallow roots and takes up nitrogen for only a few months of the year. This would make maize (which is one of the main sources of biofuel) a particularly bad contributor to global N₂O emissions.
But it is not just biofuels that are to blame. The ICSU report suggests N₂O emissions in general are probably more important than had been realised. Previous studies, including those by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a United Nations-appointed body of experts, may have miscalculated their significance — and according to Adrian Williams of Cranfield University, in Britain, even the IPCC’s approach suggests that the global-warming potential of most of Britain’s annual crops is dominated by N₂O emissions.

A:The ICSU researchers. B:Previous researchers. C:The IPCC researchers. D:Global governments.

Before a big exam, a sound night’s sleep Will do you better than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. One says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then "edited" at night, to flush away what is superfluous.
To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.
Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know Was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern—what is referred to as "artificial grammar". Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not.
What is more, those with more to learn (i. e. the "grammar", as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The "editing" theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.
The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.

A:intensely active brainwave traces B:subjects’ quicker response times C:complicated memory patterns D:revival of events in the previous day

After practicing as a surgeon for several years, Dr. Giroux decided to apply for membership in the American College of Surgeons(美国外科医生学会)，a highly selective and distinguished(著名的) professional organization.
As part of the application procedure(手续),Dr. Ginoux was asked to prepare a list of all the operations performed in the previous seven years. Slowly, as she worked on the long list, she began to feel uncertain. She began to question some of her decisions. Had she used the best technique in that case Maybe, in this case, she should have given one more test before operating On the other hand, maybe she should have... Would the doctors on the selection committee understand that, as the only trained surgeon in the area, she usually could not get advice from others and therefore, had to rely completely on her own judgment For the first time, Dr. Cinoux felt lonely and isolated.
The longer Dr. Ginoux worked on the application forms, the more depressed she became. As hope faded, she wondered if a "country doctor" had a realistic chance of being accepted by the American College of Surgeons.
When filling the forms, Dr. Ginoux felt uncertain because ______.

A:she didn’t perform enough operations B:some operations were unsuccessful C:she didn’t get advice from the selection committee D:she was doubtful about her previous operations

第三篇 The Robot Man According to Hans Moravec,universal robots will take over all the physical
With increasing automation in generations two and three,the length of the average working day will plunnet,eventually to near zero.Most people will be unemployed a robots take over not just primary industry,but the service economy too.Moravec see the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations. These future machines will be our “mind children”.Like biological children,previous generations,they will embody humanity’s best hope for a long-term future. What does Moravec think of these future robots?

A:They will look like previous biological children B:They will be humans’ mind-children. C:They will create a dangerous world. D:They will rule the world.