EDA技术
EDA技术
Making Light of1 Sleep
All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock， your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control when you wake，when you eat and when you sleep.
Somewhere around puberty，something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it"s time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.
This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body"s clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6 when they don"t get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI7 .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.
But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.
Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body"s clock8 were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.
But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it"s day or night.
词汇：
circadian/ sɜ:ˈkeɪdiən/ adj. 昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的
adolescent/ ˌædəˈlesnt/ n．青少年；adj．青少年的
puberty/ "pjʊ:bəti/ n．发育；青春期
sync/siŋk/ n. （口语）同步；和谐，协调
synchronize/"siŋkrənaiz / V.（使）同时发生；（使）同步
注释：
1.make light of ：轻视，不在乎。例如： We should not make light of their achievements．我们不应当低估他们的成就。
2. your internal clock ：指的是第一句中的a clock located inside our brains ，也即是第二段第一句中的the biological clock （生物钟）。
3. stay up：不睡觉，熬夜
4. This shift：这种调整。指上文所描述的由于生理时间的变化青少年上床时间越来越晚的现象。
5. get your body"s clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark ：打乱了你的生物钟与昼夜时间循环之间的平衡
6. gray cloud ：提不起精神的状态
7. Brown University in Providence， RI：位于美国罗得岛州普罗维登斯的布朗大学。RI是Rhode Island（罗得岛）的首字母缩写；Providence 是罗得岛州的首府。布朗大学是美国一流大学，创建于1764 年，是世界闻名的美国“常春藤联盟”（还包括哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、普林斯顿大学、布朗大学、哥伦比亚大学、宾夕法尼亚大学、达特茅斯大学和康奈尔大学）中的一员。
8. the signals that synchronize the body"s clock：平衡生物钟的光信号
The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because
A:it controls when we wake，when we eat and when we sleep. B:it has a cycle of 24 hours. C:it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm. D:it can alarm any time during 24 hours.
Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time; even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep and wake. It controls body temperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams. These natural daily events are circadian rhythms.
Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year a French astronomer, Jean Jacques d’Ortous de Mairan, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every morning, and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the time.
Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that man’s biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25 hours instead of the 24 hours on a man-made clock.
About four years ago an American doctor, Eliot Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by ageing and mental illness.
The laboratory is in the Montefiore Hospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment. They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches, so the person in the experiment has no idea what time it is.
In the first four years of research, Dr. Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, a science reporter for “The New York Times” newspaper, Dava Sobel, became the first woman to take part in the experiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss Sobel wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the newspaper.
We can conclude from the first paragraph that
A:every creature has an inner biological clock. B:the biological clock works day and night. C:the biological clock has circadian rhythms. D:the biological clock regulates behavior of creatures.
Text 1
| Every living thing has an inner
biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time; even when
there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological clock
tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells
insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals
when to eat, sleep and wake. It controls body temperature, the release of some
hormones and even dreams. These natural daily events are circadian
rhythms. Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year a French astronomer, Jean Jacques d’Ortous de Mairan, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every morning, and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that man’s biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25 hours instead of the 24 hours on a man-made clock. About four years ago an American doctor, Eliot Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by ageing and mental illness. The laboratory is in the Montefiore Hospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment. They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches, so the person in the experiment has no idea what time it is. In the first four years of research, Dr. Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, a science reporter for “The New York Times” newspaper, Dava Sobel, became the first woman to take part in the experiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss Sobel wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the newspaper. |
A:every creature has an inner biological clock. B:the biological clock works day and night. C:the biological clock has circadian rhythms. D:the biological clock regulates behavior of creatures.
On the morning of November 18,1735, an earthquake shook Boston, Massachusetts. John Winthrop, a professor at Harvard College, felt the quake and awoke. "I rose," Winthrop wrote, "and lighting a candle, looked on my watch, and found it to be 15 minutes after four." John Winthrop walked quickly downstairs to the grandfather’s clock. It had stopped three minutes before, at 4 ’ 11. Except for stopping the clock, the quake had only thrown a key from the mantel to the floor.
The clock had stopped because Winthrop had put some long glass tubes he was using for an experiment into the box for safekeeping. The quake had knocked the tubes over and blocked the pendulum. Winthrop, therefore, had the exact time that the earthquake had hit Boston. He looked at the key on the floor. The quake had thrown it forward in the direction of the quake’s motion by a shock coming from the northwest, perhaps in Canada.
The last sentence of paragraph I suggests that ______.
A:the earthquake was not severe (= violent, serious) B:the key of the clock was lost C:the clock was broken up D:the earthquake was Very serious
C
| On the morning of November 18,1735, an
earthquake shook Boston, Massachusetts. John Winthrop, a professor at Harvard
College, felt the quake and awoke. "I rose," Winthrop wrote, "and lighting a
candle, looked on my watch, and found it to be 15 minutes after four." John
Winthrop walked quickly downstairs to the grandfather’s clock. It had stopped
three minutes before, at 4 ’ 11. Except for stopping the clock, the quake had
only thrown a key from the mantel to the floor. The clock had stopped because Winthrop had put some long glass tubes he was using for an experiment into the box for safekeeping. The quake had knocked the tubes over and blocked the pendulum. Winthrop, therefore, had the exact time that the earthquake had hit Boston. He looked at the key on the floor. The quake had thrown it forward in the direction of the quake’s motion by a shock coming from the northwest, perhaps in Canada. |
A:the earthquake was not severe (= violent, serious) B:the key of the clock was lost C:the clock was broken up D:the earthquake was Very serious
All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, your internal clock runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle, called a circadian rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep.
Somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward, so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it’s time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.
This shift is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body’s clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud when they don’t get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence, RI. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.
But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How By using the light it gets through your eyes.
Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body’s clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.
But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it’s day or night.
A:light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock. B:Our biological clock resets itself automatically. C:Our internal clock, like the alarm clock, can be reset. D:Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.
? ?下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}
| ? ?
第一篇 ? ? Accurate Timer ? ?These days time is everything. Between meetings and appointments, deadlines and conference calls, my schedule requires that I know the time down to the minute. Even on weekends, I have a football team to coach, shows to tape and planes to catch. If I’m late, I’m sunk. The problem is that it’s hard if my clocks aren’t correct. Even the digital clocks can display time inaccurately. Dead batteries, time changes, any of these can cause a clock to be inaccurate. Now there is no need to worry, because advanced radio technology has produced a clock which gets the time directly from the U.S. Atomic Clock in Fort Collins, Colorado, the standard for time-keeping all over the world. The Atomic Clock by Acorn is the most accurate, reliable and convenient timepiece you can have. ? ?Every morning at 1:00 a. m, this "smart" clock in Colorado automatically resets itself to the exact hour, minute and second. The U. S. Atomic Clock is accurate to ten billionths of a second per day. This means that the clock deviates less than one second over a one million-year period. The Atomic Clock even adjusts automatically for daylight saving time, so you don’t have to remember to "spring forward" or "fall back". The desktop clock model is the only atomic Clock that will not lose time with low power or when you change its batteries. ? ?The most accurate clock in the world is of no use if it is difficult to operate. The Acorn Atomic Clock is engineered in Germany using the latest scientific technology. It comes in two styles, the wall clock and the desktop model. Both are designed to be functional and easy to use. The desk clock’s display features the exact time (in hours, minutes and seconds), month and date, or you can choose to display any two U. S. or world time zones. It weighs only eight ounces, and is the perfect travel clock It also has dual alarms, perfect for couples. Both the desktop and the wall models have an internal antenna for good reception without unattractive wires. |
A:The importance of timing. B:The working principle of an ordinary clock. C:The features of the U.S. Atomic Clock. D:The manufacturer of the U.S. Atomic Clock.
What is the meaning of "working round the clock"?
A:Repairing clocks. B:Making clocks. C:Working with a clock nearby. D:Working day and night.
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