To the people of the Bijagos archipelago, the shark is sacred. In (1) ceremonies young men from these islands (2) the coast of Guinea-Bissau must spear a shark and present the liver to their (3) But can this ancient ceremony (4) the economic fact that a bowl of shark’s fin soup can cost $150 in the Far East
In the archipelago, and all along West Africa’s coast, sharks are being "finned" to (5) Fishermen can earn $50-80 (6) a kilo of sharks’ fins. far more than ordinary fish. By the time they (7) the Far East, they could be (8) $500 a kilo or more. valuable (9) aphrodisiacs as well as for gourmets.
The high demand is (10) shark populations in West Africa and elsewhere. Most fish, .vulnerable to (11) eaten by bigger fish, protect their species by laying millions of eggs. But the shark has no natural enemy (12) man. and gives birth to just a (13) of young. (14) female sharks are often caught (15) pregnant, the result has been predictably disastrous. Shark-like sawfish, which are also "finned". are already virtually (16) off the Bijagos islands, and guitarfish are (17) threat.
In some parts of West Africa, when sharks and other similar fish have been finned, the rest of the flesh is often (18) , salted and exported to places like Ghana, where there is a (19) for lt. Dried shark is used much (20) a stock cube would be elsewhere. But in the Bijagos islands, where traders are uninterested in exporting dried shark, carcasses are often left to rot on the beach.

A:above B:along C:on D:off

Text 4
The recent, apparently successful prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of El Nifio—the warm ocean current that periodically develops along the Pacific coast of South America -- has excited researchers. Jacob Bjerkness pointed out over 20 years ago how winds might create either abnormally warm or abnormally cold water in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Nonetheless, until the development of the models no one could explain why conditions should regularly shift from one to the other, as happens in the periodic oscillations between appearance of the warm El Nifio and the cold so-called anti-El Nifio. The answer, al least if the current model that links the behavior of the ocean to that of the atmosphere is correct, is to be found in the ocean.
It has long been known that during an El Niflo, two conditions exist: (1) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and (2) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a "pile" that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more. The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nifio, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. Taking months to traverse the Pacific, Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains, such as the Philippines and Indonesia.
When the waves meet the western boundary, they are reflected, and the model predicts that Rossby waves will be broken into numerous coastal Kelvin waves carrying the same negative sea-level signal. These eventually shoot toward the equator, and then head eastward along the equator propelled by the rotation of the Earth at a speed of about 250 kilometers per day. When enough Kelvin waves of sufficient amplitude arrive from the western Pacific, their negative sea-level signal overcomes the feedback mechanism tending to raise the sea level, and they begin to drive the system into the opposite cold mode. This produces a gradual shift in winds, one that will eventually send positive sea-level Rossby waves westward, waves that will eventually return as cold cycle-ending positive Kelvin waves beginning another warming cycle.

A:negative Rossby waves moving east along the equator. B:positive Rossby waves moving west along the equator. C:positive Kelvin waves moving east along the equator. D:positive Kelvin waves moving west along the equator.

Text 4 The recent, apparently successful prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of El Nifio—the warm ocean current that periodically develops along the Pacific coast of South America -- has excited researchers. Jacob Bjerkness pointed out over 20 years ago how winds might create either abnormally warm or abnormally cold water in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Nonetheless, until the development of the models no one could explain why conditions should regularly shift from one to the other, as happens in the periodic oscillations between appearance of the warm El Nifio and the cold so-called anti-El Nifio. The answer, al least if the current model that links the behavior of the ocean to that of the atmosphere is correct, is to be found in the ocean. It has long been known that during an El Niflo, two conditions exist: (1) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and (2) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a "pile" that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more. The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nifio, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. Taking months to traverse the Pacific, Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains, such as the Philippines and Indonesia. When the waves meet the western boundary, they are reflected, and the model predicts that Rossby waves will be broken into numerous coastal Kelvin waves carrying the same negative sea-level signal. These eventually shoot toward the equator, and then head eastward along the equator propelled by the rotation of the Earth at a speed of about 250 kilometers per day. When enough Kelvin waves of sufficient amplitude arrive from the western Pacific, their negative sea-level signal overcomes the feedback mechanism tending to raise the sea level, and they begin to drive the system into the opposite cold mode. This produces a gradual shift in winds, one that will eventually send positive sea-level Rossby waves westward, waves that will eventually return as cold cycle-ending positive Kelvin waves beginning another warming cycle.

A:negative Rossby waves moving east along the equator. B:positive Rossby waves moving west along the equator. C:positive Kelvin waves moving east along the equator. D:positive Kelvin waves moving west along the equator.

(In order to) get married in this state, one (must) present a medical report (along with) (your) identification.

A:In order to B:must C:along with D:your

(In order to) get married in this state, one (must) present a medical report (along with) (your) identification.

A:In order to B:must C:along with D:your

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

A:Until B:At C:During D:Along with

The stream-rounded pebbles and Stone-Age axes which were found along the ancient river banks show that

A:an early human civilization once existed along the old river banks. B:ancient people didn't know how to make weapons. C:most species of animals in Sahara have disappeared. D:early humans were good at fighting with sharp weapons.