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The Beginning of American Literature
American has always been a land of beginnings. After Europeans “ discovered” Americain the fifteenth century, the mysteriousNew Worldbecame for many people a genuine hope of a new life, an escape from poverty and persecution, a chance to start again. We can say that, as nation,Americabegins with that hope. When, however, does American literature begin?
American literature begins with American experiences. Long before the first colonists arrived, before Christopher Columbus 1, before the Northmen who foundAmericaabout year 1,000, Native Americans lived here. Each tribe"s literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daily life and reflected the unmistakably American experience of lining with the land 2. Another kind of experience, one filled with fear and excitement, found its expression in the reports that Columbus and other explorers sent home inSpain, French and English. In addition, the journals of the people who lived and died in theNew Englandwilderness 3 tell unforgettable tales of hard end sometimes heartbreaking experiences of those early years.
Experience, then, is the key to early American literature. TheNew Worldprovided a great variety of experiences, and experiences demanded a wide variety of expressions by an even wider variety of early American writers. These writers included John Smith, who spent only two-and-a-half year: on the American, continent. They included Jonathan Edwards and William Byrd，who thought of themselves as British subjects, never suspecting a revolution that would create a United States of America with a literature of its own. American Indians, explorers,
Puritan ministers, frontier wives, plantation owner一they are all the creators of the first American literature.
词汇：
colonist [ˈkɒlənɪst] n.殖民者
subject ["sʌbdʒɪkt] n.臣民
puritan [ˈpjʊərɪtən] n.清教徒的
注释：
1．Christopher Columbus:克里斯托弗·哥伦布，美洲新大陆的发现者
2. Each tribe"s literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daily life and reflected the unmistakably American experience of lining with the land.每个部落的文学都紧密地交织到日常生活的架构中去，反映了和土地密切相连的确凿无疑的美洲生活经历。
3．New England wilderness:新英格兰的荒原，新英格兰指如今美国东北部的几个州，为来自欧洲的殖民者最早定居的地区。
When did American literature begin?
A:Before the American natives lived there. B:When Columbus and other explorers sent reports back home. C:When the Northmen found Americain about l,000. D:Long before the year l,000.
American cities are similar to other cities around the world: In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.
After World War U , the population of most large American cities decreased ; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts(转移) to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents (居民) became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs (郊区).
Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults. Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities. They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest. Many young professionals are moving back into cities. They prefer the cities to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.
This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of renting, In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.
Only a few years ago, people though that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure: many dying cities are alive again.
A:American cities are changing far the worse B:people have different views on American cities C:many people are now moving from American cities D:the population is decreasing in older American cities
Some American people thought that ______.
A:the government sometimes did things in favor of big corporations B:the country's industry was growing too rapidly C:shops should have the same price for the same kind of goods D:their country's wealth was both good and bad to the people
A:in the early days most American writers were from Great Britain. B:people with rich life experiences became writers. C:there were many writers in the early days of American history. D:early-day experience provided the foundation for American literature.
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选1个最佳答案。
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The Beginning of American
Literature ? ?American has always been a land of beginnings. After Europeans‘iscovered’ America in the fifteenth century, the mysterious New World became for many people a genuine hope of a new life, an escape from poverty and persecution, a chance to start again. We can say that, as nation, America begins with that hope. When, however, does American literature begin? ? ?American literature begins with American experiences. Long before the first colonists arrived, before Christopher Columbus, before the Northmen who ’found’ America about the year 1,000, Native Americans lived here. Each tribe’s literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daily life and reflected the unmistakably American experience of lining with the land. Another kind of experience, one filled with fear and excitement, found its expression in the reports that Columbus and other explorers sent home in Spain, France and England. In addition, the journals of the people who lived and died in the New England wilderness tell unforgettable tales of hard and sometimes heartbreaking experiences of those early years. ? ?Experience, then, is the key to early American literature. The New World provided a great variety of experiences, and these experiences demanded a wide variety of expressions by an even wider variety of early American writers. ?These writers included John Smith, who spent only two-and a half years on the American continent. They included Jonathan Edwards and William Byrd, who thought of themselves as British subjects, never suspecting a revolution that would create a United States of America with a literature of its own. American Indians, explorers, Puritan ministers, frontier wives, plantation owner-they are all the creators of the first American literature. |
A:in the early days most American writers were from Great Britain. B:people with rich life experiences became writers. C:there were many writers in the early days of American history. D:early-day experience provided the foundation for American literature.
A:in the early days most American writers were from Great Britain B:people with rich life experiences became writers C:there were many writers in the early days of American history D:early-day experience provided the foundation for American literature
American cities are similar to other cities around the world: In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.
After World War U , the population of most large American cities decreased ; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts(转移) to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents (居民) became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs (郊区).
Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults. Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities. They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest. Many young professionals are moving back into cities. They prefer the cities to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.
This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of renting, In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.
Only a few years ago, people though that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure: many dying cities are alive again.
A:American cities are changing far the worse B:people have different views on American cities C:many people are now moving from American cities D:the population is decreasing in older American cities
American cities are similar to other cities around the world: In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.
After World War U , the population of most large American cities decreased ; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts(转移) to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents (居民) became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs (郊区).
Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults. Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities. They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest. Many young professionals are moving back into cities. They prefer the cities to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.
This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of renting, In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.
Only a few years ago, people though that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure: many dying cities are alive again.
A:American cities are changing far the worse B:people have different views on American cities C:many people are now moving from American cities D:the population is decreasing in older American cities
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