The world religion is derived from the Latin noun religion, which denotes both (1) observance of ritual obligations and an inward spirit of reverence. In modern usage, religion covers a wide spectrum of (2) that reflects the enormous variety of ways the term can be (3) . At one extreme, many committed believers (4) only their own tradition as a religion, understanding expressions such as worship and prayer to refer (5) to the practices of their tradition. They may (6) use vague or idealizing terms in defining religion, (7) , true love of God, or the path of enlightenment. At the other extreme, religion may be equated with (8) , fanaticism, or wishful thinking.
By defining religion as a sacred engagement with what is taken to be a spiritual reality, it is possible to consider the importance of religion in human life without making (9) about what is really is or ought to be. Religion is not an object with a single, fixed meaning, or (10) a zone with clear boundaries. It is an aspect of human (11) that may intersect, incorporate, or transcend other aspects of life and society. Such a definition avoid the drawbacks of (12) the investigation of religion to Western or biblical categories (13) monotheism or church structure, which are not (14) .
Religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot be (15) to any single aspect of human experience. It is a part of individual life but also of (16) dynamics. Religion includes not only patterns of language and thought. It is sometimes an (17) part of a culture. Religious experience may be expressed (18) visual symbols, dance and performance, elaborate philosophical systems, legendary and imaginative stories, formal (19) , and detailed rules of some ways. There are as many forms of religious expression as there are human cultural (20) .

6（）

A:nevertheless B:moreover C:furthermore D:accordingly

Speech, whether oral or written, is a used commodity. If we are to be heard, we must (1) our words from those (2) to us within families, peer groups, societal institutions, and political net works. Our utterances position us both in an immediate social dialogue (3) our addressee and, simultaneously, in a larger ideological one (4) by history and society. We speak as an individual and also, as a student or teacher, a husband or wife, a person of a particular discipline, social class, religion, race, or other socially constructed (5) . Thus, to varying degrees, all speaking is a (6) of others’ words and all writing is rewriting. As language (7) , we experience individual agency by in fusing our own intentions (8) other people’s words, and this can be very hard.
(9) , schools, like into churches and courtrooms, are places (10) people speak words that are more important than they are. The words of a particular discipline, like those of "God the father" or of "the law," are being articulated by spokespeople for the given authority. The (11) of the ad dressed, the listener, is to acknowledge the words and their (12) . In Bakhtin’s (13) , "the authoritative word is located in a distanced zone, organically connected with a (14) that is felt to be hierarchally higher."
(15) , part of growing up in an ideological sense is becoming more "selective" about the words we appropriate and, (16) pass on to others. In Bakbtin’s (17) , responsible people do not treat (18) as givens, they treat them as utterances, spoken by particular people located in specific ways in the social landscape. Becoming alive to the socio-ideological complexity of language use is (19) to becoming a more responsive language user and, potentially, a more playful one too, able to use a (20) Of social voices, of perspectives, in articulating one’s own ideas.

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.5（）

A:Because B:Besides C:Furthermore D:And yet

Starting with his review of Skinner’s Verbal Behavior, Noam Chomsky had led the psycholinguists who argue that man has developed an innate (天生的) capacity for dealing with the linguistic universals common to all languages. Experience and learning then provide only information about the (1) instances of those universal aspects of language which are needed to communicate with other people within a particular language (2) .
This linguistic approach (3) the view that language is built upon learned associations between words. What is learned is not strings of words per se (本身), but (4) rules that enable a speaker to (5) an infinite variety of novel sentences. (6) single words are learned as concepts: they do not stand in a one-to-one (7) with the particular thing signified, but (8) all members of a general class.
This view of the innate aspect of language learning is at first not readily (9) into existing psychological frameworks and (10) a challenge that has stimulated much thought and new research directions. Chomsky argues that a precondition for language development is the existence of certain principles "intrinsic (原有的) to the mind" that provide invariant structures (11) perceiving, learning and thinking. Language (12) all of these processes; thus its study (13) our theories of knowledge in general.
Basic to this model of language is the notion that a child’s learning of language is a kind of theory (14) . It’s thought to be accomplished (15) explicit instruction, (16) of intelligence level, at an early age when he is not capable of other complex (17) or motor achievements, and with relatively little reliable data to go on. (18) , the child constructs a theory of an ideal language which has broad (19) power. Chomsky argues that all children could not develop the same basic theory (20) it not for the innate existence of properties of mental organization which limit the possible properties of languages.

18（）

A:Nevertheless B:Furthermore C:Though D:Accordingly

Modern liberal opinion is sensitive to problems of restriction of freedom and abuse of power. (1) , many hold that a man can be injured only by violating his will, but this view is much too (2) . It fails to (3) the great dangers we shall face in the (4) of biomedical technology that stems from an excess of freedom, from the unrestrained (5) of will. In my view, our greatest problems will be voluntary self-degradation, or willing dehumanization, as is the unintended yet often inescapable consequence of sternly and successfully pursuing our humanization (6) .
Certain (7) and perfected medical technologies have already had some dehumanizing consequences. Improved methods of resuscitation have made (8) heroic efforts to "save" the severely ill and injured. Yet these efforts are sometimes only partly successful: They may succeed in (9) individuals, but these individuals may have sever brain damage and be capable of only a less-than-human, vegetating (10) . Such patients have been (11) a death with dignity. Families are forced to bear the burden of a (12) "death watch".
(13) the ordinary methods of treating disease and prolonging life have changed the (14) in which men die. Fewer and fewer people die in the familiar surroundings of home or in the (15) of family and friends. This loneliness, (16) , is not confined to the dying patient in the hospital bed. As a group, the elderly are the most alienated members of our society: Not yet (17) the world of the dead, not deemed fit for the world of the living, they are shunted (18) . We have learned how to increase their years, (19) we have not learned how to help them enjoy their days. Yet we continue to bravely and feverishly push back the frontiers (20) death.

>Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1.1（）

A:Indeed B:Likewise C:Therefore D:Furthermore

Political controversy about the public-land policy of the United States began with the America Revolution. (1) , even before independence from Britain was (2) , it became clear that (3) the dilemmas surrounding the public domain might prove necessary to (4) the Union itself.
At the peace negotiation with Britain, Americans obtained a western (5) at the Mississippi River. Thus the new nation secured for its birthright a vast internal empire rich in agricultural and mineral resources. But (6) their colonial charters, seven states claimed (7) of the western wilderness. Virginia’s claim was the largest, (8) north and west to encompass the later states. The language of the charters was (9) and their validity questionable, but during the war Virginia reinforced its title by sponsoring Colonel Georgia Rogers Clark’s 1778 (10) to Vicennes and Kaskaskia, which (11) America’s trans-Appalachian pretensions at the peace table.
The six states holding no claim to the transmontane region (12) whether a confederacy in which territory was so unevenly apportioned would truly prove what it claimed to be, a union of equals. Already New Jersey, Delaware, Rhode Isaland, and Maryland were (13) the smallest and least populous of the states. (14) they levied heavy taxes to repay state war debts, their larger neighbors might retire debts out of land-sale proceeds. (15) by fresh lands and low taxes, people would desert the small states (16) the large, leaving the former to fall (17) bankruptcy and eventually into political subjugation. All the states shared in the war effort, how then could half of them "be left no sink under an (18) debt, whilst others are enabled, in a short period, to (19) all their expenditures from the hard earnings of the whole confederacy" As the Revolution was a common endeavor, (20) ought its fruits, including the western lands be a common property.

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1.1（）

A:Furthermore B:Likewise C:Indeed D:Therefore

Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. (61) a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the (62) in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The (63) student is considered to be (64) who is motivated (激发) to learn for the sake of (65) , not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned (66) brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the students is (67) for learning the material assigned. When research is (68) , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with (69) guidance. It is the (70) responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain (71) a university library works; they expect students, (72) graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference (73) in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but (74) that their students not be (75) dependent on them. In the United States, professors have many other duties (76) teaching, such as administrative or research work. (77) the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (78) . If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either (79) a professor during office hours (80) make an appointment.

69（）

A:However B:Therefore C:Furthermore D:Nevertheless

The thing that would shock anyone coming for the first time into the service quarters of a hotel would be the fearful noise and disorder during the rush hours. It is something (61) different from the steady work in a shop or a factory that it looks at first (62) ;like mere bad management. But it is really quite unavoidable, and (63) this reason, hotel work is not particularly (64) , but by its nature it comes in rushes. You cannot, for instance, prepare tea two hours before it is wanted; you have to wait (65) the last moment, by which time a mass of other work has been (66) , and then do it all together, in great (67) . The result is that at (68) everyone is doing two men’s work, which is (69) without noise and quarreling. (70) , the quarrels are a necessary part of the process, for the pace would never be kept (71) if everyone did not accuse everyone (72) of not working hard. It was for this reason (73) during rush hours at hotel the whole staff got angry and (74) like devils. But they were not losing their (75) and wasting time; they were just encouraging one another for the effort of packing four (76) work into two hours.
What keeps a hotel (77) is the fact that the employees (78) a genuine pride in their work, fierce and silly (79) it is. If a man does not work hard, the others soon find him out, and tell the boss about it to get him (80) .

75（）

A:Indeed B:Furthermore C:However D:Though

The Bermuda Triangle is one (51) the greatest mysteries of the sea. In this triangular area between Florida, Puerto Rico and Bermuda in Atlantic, ships and airplanes (52) to disappear more often than in (53) parts of the ocean. And they do so (54) leaving any sign of all accident or any dead bodies.
It is (55) that Christopher Columbus was the first person to record strange happenings in the area. His compass stopped working, a flame came down from the sky, and a wave 100 to 200 feet high carried his ship about a mile away.
The most famous disappearance in the Bermuda Triangle was the US Naval Air Flight 19. (56) December 5,1945,five bomber planes carrying 14 men, (57) on a training mission from the Florida coast. Later that day, all communications with Flight 19 were lost. They just disappeared without a trace.
The next morning,242 planes and 19 ships took part in the largest air-sea search in history. But they found nothing.
Some people blame the disappearances (58) supernatural forces. It is suggested the (59) ships and planes were either transported to other times and places, kidnapped by aliens (60) attacked by sea creatures.
There are (61) natural explanations ,though. The US Navy says that the Bermuda triangle is one of two places on earth (62) a magnetic compass points towards true north (63) magnetic north. (64) planes and ships can lose their way if they don’t make adjustments.
The area also has changing weather and is known (65) its high waves. Storms can turn up suddenly and destroy a plane or ship. Fast currents could then sweep away any trace of an accident.

A:Similarly B:Furthermore C:However D:Therefore

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

A:Similarly B:Furthermore C:However D:Therefore

Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed

A:Therefore B:Afterwards C:However D:Furthermore