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Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency crimes committed by young people focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (16) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (17) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (18) with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in (19) to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (20) as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (21) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (22) lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (23) to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly (24) juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (25) to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (26) make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (27) lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also (28) changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; (29) , children are likely to have less supervision at home, (30) was common in the traditional family (31) . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile Crime rates. Other (32) causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (33) of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (34) of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (35) a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
A:contrarily B:consequently C:similarly D:simultaneously
Speech, whether oral or written, is a used commodity. If we are to be heard, we must (1) our words from those (2) to us within families, peer groups, societal institutions, and political net works. Our utterances position us both in an immediate social dialogue (3) our addressee and, simultaneously, in a larger ideological one (4) by history and society. We speak as an individual and also, as a student or teacher, a husband or wife, a person of a particular discipline, social class, religion, race, or other socially constructed (5) . Thus, to varying degrees, all speaking is a (6) of others’ words and all writing is rewriting. As language (7) , we experience individual agency by in fusing our own intentions (8) other people’s words, and this can be very hard.
(9) , schools, like into churches and courtrooms, are places (10) people speak words that are more important than they are. The words of a particular discipline, like those of "God the father" or of "the law," are being articulated by spokespeople for the given authority. The (11) of the ad dressed, the listener, is to acknowledge the words and their (12) . In Bakhtin’s (13) , "the authoritative word is located in a distanced zone, organically connected with a (14) that is felt to be hierarchally higher."
(15) , part of growing up in an ideological sense is becoming more "selective" about the words we appropriate and, (16) pass on to others. In Bakbtin’s (17) , responsible people do not treat (18) as givens, they treat them as utterances, spoken by particular people located in specific ways in the social landscape. Becoming alive to the socio-ideological complexity of language use is (19) to becoming a more responsive language user and, potentially, a more playful one too, able to use a (20) Of social voices, of perspectives, in articulating one’s own ideas.
A:Traditionally B:Similarly C:However D:Strangely
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best
word(s) for each numbered blank and.
| "In the long run," as John Maynard
Keynes observed, "we are all dead. " True. But can the (1)
run be elongated in a way that makes the long run (2)
And if so, how, and at what cost People have dreamt of (3)
since time immemorial. They have sought it since the first alchemist
put an elixir of (4) on the same shopping list as a way to
turn lead into gold. They have (5) about it in fiction, from
Rider Haggard’s "She" to Frank Herbert’s "Dune". And now, with the growth of
(6) knowledge that has marked the past few decades, a few
researchers believe it might be within (7) . To think about the question, it is important to understand why organisms-people (8) -age in the first place. People are like machines: they (9) That much is obvious. However, a machine can always be (10) A good mechanic with a stock of spare parts can keep it going (11) . Eventually, no part of the (12) may remain, but it still carries on, like Lincoln’s famous axe that had three new handles and two new blade. The question, of course, is whether the machine is worth (13) . It is here that people and nature (14) . Or, to put it slightly (15) , two bits of nature disagree with each other. From the individual’s point of view, (16) is an imperative. You cannot reproduce unless you are alive. A fear of death is a sensible evolved response and, since (17) is a sure way of dying, it is no surprise that people want to stop it in its tracks. Moreover, even the appearance of ageing can be (18) . It (19) the range of potential sexual partners who find you attractive-since it is a sign that you are not going to be (20) all that long to help bring up baby-and thus, again, curbs your reproduction. |
A:differently B:consistently C:similarly D:identically
Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
German researchers have (1) a new generation of defibrillators and early warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection (2) sudden death from cardiac arrest.
In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases (3) by disruption to the heart’s rhythm. Those most at risk are Patients who have (4) suffered a heart attack and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing (5) disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices (6) a range of functions such as that of pacemaker.
Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with all implanted defibrillator (7) of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG) within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of (8) blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data (9) .
The overwhelming (10) of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs. "Many of the current programs only (11) into account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use (12) a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system." Hagen Knaf says." (13) changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account." An old study of ECG data, based (14) 600 Patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show (15) the new software evaluates the data considerably better.
A:Similarly B:In this manner C:Otherwise D:In this way
German researchers have (51) a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection (52) sudden death from cardiac arrest.
In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases (53) by disruption to the heart’s rhythm. Those most at risk are patients who have (54) suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in intervening within seconds. These devices (56) a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.
Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator (57) of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of (58) blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data (59)
The overwhelming (60) of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs. "Many of the current programs only (61) into account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use (62) a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system," Hagen Knaf says, " (63) changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account. " An old study of ECG data, based (64) 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show (65) the new software evaluates the data considerably better.
A:Similarly B:In this manner C:Otherwise D:In this way
A:Similarly B:Furthermore C:However D:Therefore
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
| ? ?
Where Did All the Ships Go? ? ?The Bermuda Triangle (三角区) is one {{U}}?(51) ?{{/U}} the greatest mysteries of the ses. In this triangular area between Florida, ?Puerto Rico and Bermuda in Atlantic, ?ships and airplanes {{U}}?(52) ?{{/U}} to disappear more often than in {{U}}?(53) ?{{/U}} parts of the ocean. And they do so {{U}}?(54) ?{{/U}} leaving any sign of an accident or any dead bodies. It is {{U}}?(55) ?{{/U}} that Christopher Columbus was the first person to record strange happenings in the area. His compass stopped working, a flame came down from the sky, and a wave 100 to 200-feet-high carried his ship about a mile away. ? ?The most famous disappearance in the Bermuda Triangle was the US Naval (海军的) Air Flight 19．{{U}} ?(56) ?{{/U}} December 5, 1945, five bomber planes carrying 14 men {{U}}?(57) ?{{/U}} on a training mission from the Florida coast. Later that day, all communications with Flight 19 were lost. They just disappeared without a trace. ? ?The next morning, 242 planes and 19 ships took part in the largest air-sea search in history. But they found nothing. ? ?Some people blame the disappearances {{U}}?(58) ?{{/U}} supernatural (超自然的) forces. It is suggested the {{U}}?(59) ?{{/U}} ships and planes were either transposed to other times and places kidnapped (绑架) by aliens (外星人){{U}} ?(60) ?{{/U}} attacked by sea creatures. ? ?There are {{U}}?(61) ?{{/U}} natural explanations, though. The US Navy says that the Bermuda Tri angle is one of two places on earth {{U}}?(62) ?{{/U}} a magnetic compass (指南针) points towards true north {{U}}?(63) ?{{/U}} magnetic north, {{U}}?(64) ?{{/U}}, planes and ships can lose their way if they don’t make adjustments. The area also has changing weather and is known {{U}}?(65) ?{{/U}} its high waves. Storms can turn up suddenly and destroy a plane or ship. Fast currents could then sweep away any trace of an accident. |
A:Similarly B:Furthermore C:However D:Therefore
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 ?
| ?
Where Did All the Ships Go? ? ?The Bermuda Triangle is one{{U}} ?(51) ?{{/U}}the greatest mysteries of the sea. In this triangular area between Florida, Puerto Rico and Bermuda in Atlantic, ships and airplanes{{U}} ?(52) ?{{/U}}to disappear more often than in{{U}} ?(53) ?{{/U}}parts of the ocean. And they do so{{U}} ?(54) ?{{/U}}leaving any sign of all accident or any dead bodies. ? ?It is{{U}} ?(55) ?{{/U}}that Christopher Columbus was the first person to record strange happenings in the area. His compass(指南针) stopped working, a flame came down from the sky, and a wave 100 to 200 feet high carried his ship about a mile away. ? ?The most famous disappearance in the Bermuda Triangle was the US Naval Air Flight 19.{{U}} ?(56) ?{{/U}} December 5,1945, five bomber(轰炸机) planes carrying 14 men{{U}} ?(57) ?{{/U}}on a training mission from the Florida coast. Later that day, all communications with Flight 19 were lost. They just disappeared without a trace. ? ?The next morning, 242 planes and 19 ships took part in the largest air-sea(海空联合的) search in history . But they found nothing. ? ?Some people blamed the disappearances{{U}} ?(58) ?{{/U}}supernatural forces. It is suggested the {{U}}?(59) ?{{/U}}ships and planes were either transported to other times and places, kidnapped(诱拐)by aliens{{U}} ?(60) ?{{/U}}attacked by sea creatures. ? ?There are{{U}} ?(61) ?{{/U}}natural explanations, though. The US Navy says that the Bermuda triangle is one of two places on earth{{U}} ?(62) ?{{/U}}a magnetic(有磁性的) compass points towards true north {{U}}?(63) ?{{/U}}magnetic north.{{U}} ?(64) ?{{/U}}planes and ships can lose their way if they don’t make adjustments . ? ?The area also has changing weather and is known{{U}} ?(65) ?{{/U}}its high waves. Storms can turn up suddenly and destroy a plane or ship. Fast currents could then sweep away any trace of an accident. |
A:Similarly B:Furthermore C:However D:Therefore
A Country’s Standard of Living The "standard of living" of any country means the average person’s share of the goods and services the country produces. A country’s standard of living, _____(51), depends on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth"_____(52) this sense is not money, for we do riot live on money_____(53) on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and entertainment. A country’s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of_____(54) have an effect on one another. Wealth depends_____(55) a great extent upon a country’s natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have fertile (肥沃的) soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them. Next to natural resources_____(56) the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well-off_____(57) the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and_____(58) this and other reasons was_____(59) to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and_____(60) from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well favoured by nature but less well ordered. A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed_____(61) its own borders, but also upon what is directly produced through international trade._____(62), Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on_____(63) grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus (过剩的) manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would_____(64) be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much_____(65) by its manufacturing capacity provided (如果) that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.
A:however B:furthermore C:similarly D:therefore
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