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Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost
Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health，but also for the whole immune system， especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model，researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS)1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease， generally when the body is challenged.
The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.2 The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation ’ but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.
In what was the longest study of its kind，pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. "The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch, ” said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona3，Spain.
Humans do not eat raw potatoes，but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch， such as cold boiled potatoes，legumes，grains，green bananas，pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch 一 starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)4.
Immunology expert Lena Ohman"s team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, GoteborgUniversity, Sweden5. The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI6.
Bowel/ ˈbaʊəl /n.(常用复数）肠
salad/ˈsæləd/n.色拉（西餐中的一种凉拌菜）
Spain / speɪn/n.西班牙
starch / stɑ:tʃ/n.淀粉
leucocyte / ˈlu:kəsaɪt/n.白细胞
lymphocyte/ ˈlɪmfəsaɪt/n. 淋巴细胞
inflammation/ ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/n. 炎，炎症；发 炎部位
down-regulation n.下调，向卞调节
Spanish / ˈspænɪʃ/adj.西班牙的
indicative / ɪnˈdɪkətɪv/adj.指示性的；象征性的；预示性的
density/ˈdensəti/n.密度
apoptosis / ˌæpə"təʊsɪs/n.细胞凋亡（细胞的自然死亡）
simulate/ "sɪmjʊleɪt/vt. 模仿，模拟
resistant/rɪˈzɪstənt/adj.有抵抗力的；耐久的
Barcelona/ ˌbɑ:sə"ləʊnə/n. .巴塞罗那（西班牙港市）
legume / ˈlɛɡˌjum, ləˈɡjum/n.豆，（豆）荚
pasta / ˈpæstə/n.意大利面食
cereal/ "sɪərɪəl/n. (常用复数）（作为主粮的）谷物类
digest / daɪˈdʒest/v.消化
intestine/ ɪnˈtestɪn/n. (常用复数）肠
shunt / ʃʌnt /v.(使）分流
ferment/ fəˈment/v. (使）发酵
immunology / ˌɪmjuˈnɒlədʒi/n.免疫 学
peripheral / pəˈrɪfərəl/adj.周围的;表面的
gut/ ɡʌt/n. 肠
hypothesis/ haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/n..(学说的）假设，假定
inflammatory/ ɪnˈflæmətri/ adj.发炎的，炎 性的
注释：
What does the reduction in leucocyte levels in the body mean?
A:It may mean the reduced levels of inflammation B:It may mean somewhere in the body is inflamed C:It means that the body is challenged D:It means that the body cannot produce leucocytes any more
Obesity： the Scourge of the Western World
Obesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna1 Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference _ of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries 一 1. 2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese.
Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said，“ Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany，20 per cent of the people are already affected，but in Japan only one per cent. ” But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication.
Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said, "We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism of a stone-age man.2" “I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up3 on every corner. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization. ”4
Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said, “Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese，also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with adipose tissue complaints. ” "Ten per cent more weight means thirteen per cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing one"s weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure. ”
Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. "Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index5 is more than 40. That is equivalent to6 a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier. ”
Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. “ Child obesity (fat deposits) correlates with7 the time which children spend in front of TV sets. ”
The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy8 for their population group.
词汇：
scourge / skɜ:dʒ/n. 天灾；祸害
medication / ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃn/n. .药物疗法
obesity / əʊ"bi:sətɪ/n.肥胖症
overrun / ˌəʊvə"rʌn/vt.侵扰；蹂躏
obese / əʊˈbi:s/n.肥胖的
diabetic/ ˌdaɪəˈbetɪk/n. 糖尿病患者；adj.糖尿病的
pizza / ˈpi:tsə/n.(意大利式)烤馅饼，比萨饼
adipose/ "ædɪpəʊs/ahj.脂肪的;肥胖的
metabolism/ məˈtæbəlɪzəm/n. 新陈代谢
注释：
1. Vienna： n.维也纳（奧地利首都）
2.We are living... of a stone-age man.我们正生活在新时代，可是却是石器时代人类的新陈代 谢。言外之意，我们的饮食不讲究科学，见什么就吃什么。石器时代，食物匮乏，人类必须四 处觅食，新陈代谢自然旺盛;而现代有高度的物质文明，如果还像石器时代人类那样狼吞虎 咽,不吃成胖子才怪呢！
3.spring up:出现。例如:A suspicion sprang up in her mind.在她的头脑里出现了一个疑团。
4.We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization.我们已经深受快餐食品和可口可乐化的侵害。
5.body-mass index:体质指数(BMI)，也有人称为体重指数或身高体重指数。
6.be equivalent to ：相当于,等于
7.correlate with/to：(使）与……相关联例如:Her research results correlate with his.她的研究成果与他的研究成果相关联。They find it hard to correlate one set of figures with the other.他们发现很难使这两组数字发生相互联
8.life expectancy：(根据概率统计求得的）估计寿命，预期寿命
What is the correlation between body weight and heart disease and blood pressure?
A:Ten per cent less body weight means ten per cent less risk of heart disease and high blood pressure B:hirteen per cent more body weight means ten per cent more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure C:The more body weight one gains，the more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure he has D:The less body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and the less risk of high ‘ blood pressure he has
A:Ten percent less body weight means ten per cent less risk of heart disease and high blood pressure. B:Thirteen percent more body weight means ten percent more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure. C:The more body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure he has. D:The less body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and the less risk of high blood pressure he has.
Relaxation
During a state of deep relaxation, several physiological changes take place in the body: the body’s oxygen consumption is reduced; the heart heat decreases; muscle tension and sweating ease, and there is decreased sympathetic(交感的) nervous system activity. This restful state not only allows the body to repair and restore itself, but it has a calming effect on the consciousness.
How to achieve this state of relaxation, however, is a matter of opinion, and in some medical circles, a matter of controversy(争论). A recent report by Dr. David Holmes of the University of Kansas in the journal "American Psychologist" said that simply sitting in an armchair has just as many beneficial characteristics for the body as meditation(冥想) does. Researchers of other relaxation techniques disagree. These experts believe that more structured techniques, such as meditation, lead to a condition of deep relaxation.
The debate goes on, but one thing appears to be clear that the relaxation response can be reached by a number of methods, and the methods themselves are not as important as getting there. One day, one method may work best; on another day, an alternative method may be more appropriate. Once you are aware of all the methods, you can find the one that works best for you.
Some of the relaxation techniques are meditation, autoanalysis (自我心理分析) and progressive muscle relaxation. Although these techniques may not, in the end, produce more of a relaxation response than just sitting quietly in a chair, they have the added benefit of structure and discipline, and for these reasons appear to be more effective for most individuals.
A:The body takes in less oxygen. B:The heart beats less frequently. C:Muscles become tense and the body sweats easily. D:The consciousness becomes more or less calmed.
Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World
Obesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference -- of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries -- 1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese.
Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said, "Obesity is a chronic illness, fin Germany, 20 per cent of the people are already affected, but in Japan only one per cent." But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication.
Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said, "We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism of a stone-age man." "I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every corner. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization. "
Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said, "Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese, also fifty per cent of all. patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with adipose tissue complaints." "Ten per cent more weight means thirteen per cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing one’s weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure."
Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. "Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index5 is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier."
Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. "Child obesity ( fat deposits) correlates with the time which children spend in front of TV sets."
The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group.
A:Ten per cent less body weight means ten per cent less risk of heart disease and high blood pressure. B:Thirteen per cent more body weight means ten per cent more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure. C:The more body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure he has. D:The less body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and the less risk of high blood pressure he has.
{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}
| {{B}}? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? Obesity: the Scourge of the
Western World{{/B}} ? ?Obesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference -- of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries -- 1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese. ? ?Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said, "Obesity is a chronic illness, fin Germany, 20 per cent of the people are already affected, but in Japan only one per cent." But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication. ? ?Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said, "We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism of a stone-age man." "I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every corner. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization. " ? ?Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said, "Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese, also fifty per cent of all. patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with adipose tissue complaints." "Ten per cent more weight means thirteen per cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing one’s weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure." ? ?Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. "Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index5 is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier." ? ?Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. "Child obesity ( fat deposits) correlates with the time which children spend in front of TV sets." ? ?The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group. |
A:Ten per cent less body weight means ten per cent less risk of heart disease and high blood pressure. B:Thirteen per cent more body weight means ten per cent more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure. C:The more body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure he has. D:The less body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and the less risk of high blood pressure he has.
{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}
| {{B}}? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?Relaxation{{/B}} ? ?During a state of deep relaxation, several physiological changes take place in the body: the body’s oxygen consumption is reduced; the heart heat decreases; muscle tension and sweating ease, and there is decreased sympathetic(交感的) nervous system activity. This restful state not only allows the body to repair and restore itself, but it has a calming effect on the consciousness. ? ?How to achieve this state of relaxation, however, is a matter of opinion, and in some medical circles, a matter of controversy(争论). A recent report by Dr. David Holmes of the University of Kansas in the journal "American Psychologist" said that simply sitting in an armchair has just as many beneficial characteristics for the body as meditation(冥想) does. Researchers of other relaxation techniques disagree. These experts believe that more structured techniques, such as meditation, lead to a condition of deep relaxation. ? ?The debate goes on, but one thing appears to be clear that the relaxation response can be reached by a number of methods, and the methods themselves are not as important as getting there. One day, one method may work best; on another day, an alternative method may be more appropriate. Once you are aware of all the methods, you can find the one that works best for you. ? ?Some of the relaxation techniques are meditation, autoanalysis (自我心理分析) and progressive muscle relaxation. Although these techniques may not, in the end, produce more of a relaxation response than just sitting quietly in a chair, they have the added benefit of structure and discipline, and for these reasons appear to be more effective for most individuals. |
A:The body takes in less oxygen. B:The heart beats less frequently. C:Muscles become tense and the body sweats easily. D:The consciousness becomes more or less calmed.
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