Cigars Instead?

    Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study.

    Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus，and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voicebox) sixfold¹，say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.

    In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers² and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.

    The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article “ Cigars ： Health Effects and Trends". The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.

    “This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase³ in cigar use and the significant public health consequences⁴ for the country," said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute，in a statement.

    "The data are clear 一 the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with⁵ the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases，” he added. “ In other words，cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes⁶ and may be addictive. ”

    "To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is — don"t.⁷ To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks，” warned Klausner.

    According to a National Cancer Institute press release⁸，there haven"t been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events，but "... a significant body of evidence⁹ clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. ”

 

词汇：

cigar/sɪ"gɑː/ n.雪茄烟

double /"dʌbl/ vt.使加倍，把增一倍

esophagus /iː"sɒfəɡəs/ n.食管

larynx/"lærɪŋks/ n.喉

esophageal /iː,sɒfə"dʒiːəl/ adj.食管的

emit /ɪ"mɪt/ vt.发出，射出，散发

carcinogenic /,kɑːsɪnə"dʒenɪk/ adj.致癌的

nitrosamine/naɪ"trəʊsəmiːn/ n.亚硝胺

valuable /"væljʊbəl/ adj.非常宝贵的，无价的

carcinogen/kɑː"sɪnədʒ(ə)n/ n.致癌物

alternative/ɔːl"tɜːnətɪv; ɒl-/ n.供替代的抉择

addictive /ə"dɪktɪv/ adj.（使人）上瘾的，（使人）人迷的

eliminate /ɪ"lɪmɪneɪt/ vt.排除，消除，根除

　　

注释：

1.sixfold：六倍。fold 是一个表示倍数的后缀,如：sevenfold，eightfold。

2.smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8. 5 times the risk for nonsmokers:每天吸三到四支雪茄时这些吸烟者患口腔癌的危险增加到不吸烟者的8.5倍

3.disturbing increase:令人不安的增长（指吸雪茄人数增加引起专家对大众健康问题的担忧）

4.significant public health consequences ：又才大众健康造成的严重后果

5.be associated with ：与……有关

6.cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes:雪前不是香烟的安全替代品

7.To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is — don"t.对那些 正考虑吸雪茄的人,我们的建议是别那么做。

8.press release：(通讯社或政府机构等发布的)新闻稿

9.a significant body of evidence:大量的有力证据。body是“一大堆”的意思。

According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day____

A:increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers B:greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers C:increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers D:greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers

Working on a newspaper is a very busy job. Many newspapers (21) each day, and they have to (22) people with all the latest news. The editor is in (23) of the paper. Reporters (24) news stories and write them. The paper is printed so that it is (25) sale every morning.
People (26) up the editor when something interesting (27) . The editor sends a reporter and a photographer to find out (28) .
The reporter phones the newspaper to tell the story. A typist types it (29) . Next, the editor decides how much "space" to give the story. Important stories (30) most of a page. The stories are keyed (输入) into a computer and (31) print.
The first copies are called "proofs (校样) ". Another editor (32) mistakes. The stories are all (33) in the paper. Then the paper is printed.
The newspapers are (34) by lorry, plane or rail. (35) are taken all over the country. The (36) arrive early in the morning, and people buy them.
Not all newspapers (37) every day. Some are weekly with a Sunday edition. Local (地方的) newspapers (38) the news for different parts of the country.
Working on a daily paper is always busy. But people working on weekly papers do not have to work (39) such a hurry. Sometimes reporters (40) all over the world to report news.

39（）

A:to report B:reports C:report D:reporting

Working on a newspaper is a very busy job. Many newspapers (21) each day, and they have to (22) people with all the latest news. The editor is in (23) of the paper. Reporters (24) news stories and write them. The paper is printed so that it is (25) sale every morning.
People (26) up the editor when something interesting (27) . The editor sends a reporter and a photographer to find out (28) .
The reporter phones the newspaper to tell the story. A typist types it (29) . Next, the editor decides how much "space" to give the story. Important stories (30) most of a page. The stories are keyed (输入) into a computer and (31) print.
The first copies are called "proofs (校样) ". Another editor (32) mistakes. The stories are all (33) in the paper. Then the paper is printed.
The newspapers are (34) by lorry, plane or rail. (35) are taken all over the country. The (36) arrive early in the morning, and people buy them.
Not all newspapers (37) every day. Some are weekly with a Sunday edition. Local (地方的) newspapers (38) the news for different parts of the country.
Working on a daily paper is always busy. But people working on weekly papers do not have to work (39) such a hurry. Sometimes reporters (40) all over the world to report news.

35（）

A:to report B:reports C:report D:reporting

The doctor was reading a test report when the patient ______ in by a nurse.

A:was shown B:had shown C:showed D:shown

Professor White wrote a ______ report yesterday.

A:two-thousand-word B:two-thousand-words’ C:two-thousand-words D:two-thousands-word

It is necessary to make a(n) (abstract) while writing a report.

A:summary B:analysis C:discussion D:index

It is necessary to make a(n) (abstract) while writing a report.

A:summary B:analysis C:discussion D:index

There are many types of reports. A report is simply (51) of something that has happened. The commonest are (52) . We get them in newspapers, over radio and (53) television. Sometimes cinemas also show us newsreels.
The main purpose of a newspaper (54) provide news. If you (55) a newspaper closely, you will find that there are all types of news: accidents, floods, fires, wars, sports, books, etc. The news (56) everything that happens to people and their surroundings. Sometimes there are news items which are very (57) .
The big (58) bold words above the news items are called headlines. Their purpose is to (59) attention so that people will troy the newspaper because they want to read (60) of the news.
A news report is usually very short, (61) when it is about something very important, but it (62) a lot of information. It is also written in short paragraphs. The first paragraph is in (63) a summary of the news item. It gives all the necessary information: what, when, where, how, why. The other paragraphs give (64) of the subject. There may also be interviews (65) people. The words actually spoken by them are within inverted commas.
Often there are photographs to go with the news to make it more interesting.

A:news reports B:new reports C:news report D:new report