(46) Globalization might be welcomed on many grounds—the economic, political, communicational, and even linguistic ones come readily to mind but it also has some unfortunate side effects that might prove deadly to the very future of mankind. This is no mere surmise of congenital misanthropes, but the expressed fear of some who are otherwise well disposed to it. Thus Thomas Friedman, in an otherwise optimistically minded book, nevertheless, writes as follows:
(47) The more I observed the system of globalization at work, the more obvious it was that it had unleashed forest-crushing forces of development, which if left unchecked had the potential to destroy the environment and uproot culture...
(48) And because globalization as a culturally homogenizing and environment-devouring force is coming on so fast, there is real danger that in just a few decades it will wipe out the ecological and cultural diversity that took millions of years of human and biological forces to produce.
Something is as ominous as all that is a real threat indeed. (49) And yet, despite such apprehensions, Friedman and others who think like him believe that effects of this magnitude can somehow be sidestepped without interfering with the technicizing sweep of globalization. Is that merely wishful thinking or an inability to take in the full import of his own words
As Friedman points out, the globalization threat is at once to nature and to culture: to the environment and the whole ecological variety of plants and animals, as well as to the quality of human life and the cultural diversity on which it depends. Damage to nature eventually translates itself as damage to culture, and vice versa. The fate of many ancient civilizations that collapsed because they outgrew their natural resources is historical proof of that fact. Our modern civilization is subject to the same self-limiting conditions. (50) Thus, if all agriculture is reduced to an agribusiness industry, then the diversified countryside landscape that humans have created since the Neolithic revolution will become a monocultural ecological desert, for with it will disappear a host of animal and plant species as well as a whole rural way of life with its myriad varieties of folk cultures that have been carried on for millennia. The loss of natural species through the destruction of their natural habitat is paralleled step by step by the loss of cultural "species" through the elimination of their social habitat, which is rooted in a natural environment. The clearing of jungles does not merely exterminate the animals living there, but also the native people whose homes have been there for countless generations.

或许，全球化颇受欢迎有多重原因——立刻浮现在人们脑海中的有经济、政治、通讯甚至语言的原因——但遗憾的是，其某些副作用或许也会对人类未来产生毁灭性的影响。

TheelectionsinFranceandGracetellusthatausterityfatiguehassetin.Thisisnotsurprising.Formanycountriesnoplausibleexitexistsfromdepression，deflationanddespair。Ifthecurrencyunionwereanormalfixedexchangeratearrangement，itwouldcollapse，asdidthegoldstandardinthe1930sandtheBrettonWoodssysteminthe1970s.Thequestioniswhetherthefactthatitisamonetaryunionwilldomorethandelaythatoutcome.Mr.HollandesayshismissionistogiveEurope“adimensionofgrowthandprosperity”.Socanheachievethislaudableaim？ Fiscaltighteningdoesnotimproveoutcomesinshrinkingeconomies.Thus，austerityismerelybegettingmoreausterity.AccordingtoIMF,theratioofgrosspublicdebttogrossdomesticproductwillrise,notfall,ineveryyearfrom2008to2013inIreland,Italy,SpainandPortugal.ItwillbrieflyfallinGreece,butonlybecauseofitsdebtrestructuring.TheIMFforecaststhattheeconomywillshrinkthisyear,inrealterms,andgrowthisforecast,optimistically,atclosetozerointhesecountriesin2013.Thisispoliticallyperilous.Theemergenceofstillmoreextremistpartiesandarisingsenseofbetrayalseemsinevitable.(206)

Dear World,
A boy starts school today. It’s going to be strange and new to him for a while. And I wish you would sort of treat him gently.
You see, up to now, he’s been king of the family. He’s been boss of the backyard. I have always been around to repair his wounds, and to soothe his feelings.
But now--things are going to be different.
This morning, he’s going to walk down the front steps, wave his hand and start on his great adventure that will probably include wars and tragedy and sorrow. To live his life in the world he has to live in will require faith and love and courage.
So, World, I wish you would sort of take him by his young hand and teach him the things he will have to know. Teach him--but gently, if you can. Teach him that for every scoundrel, there is a hero; that for every enemy there is a friend. Teach him the wonders of books. Give him quiet time to ponder the eternal mystery of birds in the sky, bees in the sun, and flowers on the green hill. Teach him it is far more honorable to fall than to cheat. Teach him to have faith in his own ideas, even if everyone else tells him they are wrong. Teach him to sell his strength and brains to the highest bidder, but never to put a price on his heart and soul. Teach him to close his ears to a howling (嚎叫的) mob ... and to stand and fight if he thinks he is right. Teach him gently, World, but don’t spoil him, because only the test of fire makes fine steel.

From the passage, we can learn that the author looks on the world （）

A:pessimistically B:hatefully C:optimistically D:distrustfully

From the passage, we can learn that the author looks on the world ______.

A:pessimistically B:hatefully C:optimistically D:distrustfully

{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}

According to the passage, the writer looks upon the anti-smoking wall-builders’ actions______.

A:optimistically B:pessimistically C:unconcernedly D:skeptically

Common Problems, Common Solutions
The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago — and decided it’s not for you.
The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers — there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well.
And finally it’s a pretty safe bet that you’re open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and nonsmokers — or you wouldn’t be reading this.
And those three things make you incredibly important today.
Because they mean that yours is the voice — not the smoker’s and not the anti-smoker’s — that will determine how much of society’s efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together.
For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One prominent health organization, to cite but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on "education" (much of it in and-smoking propaganda) and only 2 cents on research.
There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice.
But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only temporary at best, and that over the long run, we can serve society’s interest better by working together in mutual accommodation.
Whatever virtue wails may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can.
According to the passage, the writer looks upon the anti-smoking wall-builders’ actions______.

A:optimistically B:pessimistically C:unconcernedly D:skeptically

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 ?
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}

According to the passage, the writer looks upon the anti-smoking wall-builders’ actions

A:optimistically. B:pessimistically. C:unconcernedly. D:skeptically.

{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}

According to the passage, the writer looks upon the anti-smoking wall-builders’ actions

A:optimistically. B:pessimistically. C:unconcernedly. D:skeptically.