Eat  Healthy

    "Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate club¹!’’ Just about every kid in the UShas heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it"s accompanied by an appeal： “Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!²" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in theUStake too many bites³. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.

    According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.⁴ Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.

    Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University； told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began (o grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.

    Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large； 23 percent had no opinion； 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can"t afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions； but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.

    It"s not that working class Americans don"t want to eat healthy. It"s just that, "after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal.⁵ They live from paycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year"s Christmas presents.

 

词汇：

orphan /"ɔːf(ə)n/ n.孤儿

nurition /njʊ"trɪʃ(ə)n/ n.营养

belly /"belɪ/ n.肚子

waistline /"weɪs(t)laɪn/ n.腰围

paycheck/"pe,tʃɛk/ n.薪金支票

　　

注释：

1. Be a member of the clean -plate club!做清盘俱乐部的成员

2. Just think about those starving orphans inAfrica!只要想想在非洲挨饿的孤儿们！

3. take too many bites 吃得太多

4. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.根据《今日美国》刊登的一个故事,服务员给每个顾客一盘饭菜,其量是政府推荐的2至4倍。

5. It"s just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal.事情是这样的，美国工人觉得做许多个小时低收入的工作下来,盘子里的饭菜量小有点不合算。

Why do American restaurants serve large portions?

A:Because Americans associate quantity with value B:Because Americans have big bellies C:Because Americans are good eaters D:Because Americans are greedy

SERVE（服务）

There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of answering (1) questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between (2) phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that (3) to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and (3) for applying the findings of science. Another (5) between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.
Progress in science (6) the human factor. Scientists, who seek to understand the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of (7) and certainty, cannot (8) their own or other people’s likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or (9) people-as did Darwin’s theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is (10) than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But (11) so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sound produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we cannot refuse to breathe polluted air. (12) science, progress in technology must be measured (13) the human factor. The purpose of technology is to serve people—people (14) , not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to (15) advantage for themselves.
We are all familiar with the (16) use of technology. Many people blame technology itself (17) widespread pollution, resource depletion (枯竭) and even social decay in general—so much (18) the promise of technology is " (19) " That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise applications of science and technology do not (20) a better world, what else will

3（）

A:serve B:assume C:intend D:prove

Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask. What is a hero
Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of Characteristics that instruct and inspire people.
A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.
Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.
The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve What are they willing to live and die for If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant
Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountain top. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated(隔离的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.

According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that （）

A:they have a vision from the mountaintop B:they have warm feelings and emotions C:they can serve as concrete examples of noble principles D:they can make people feel stronger and more confident

"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate club!" Just about every kid in the U.S. has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it’s accompanied by an appeal: "Just think about those starving orphans (孤儿) in Africa!"
Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the U.S. take a few too many bites. Instead of saying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
According to news reports, U.S. restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies (肚子). A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.
Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They serve large portions to stand apart from competitors and to give the customers value. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. A restaurant industry trade magazine reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believed that restaurants serve portions are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed.
But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can’t afford fine dining still prefer large portions. 70 percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions. But only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.
It’s not that working class Americans don’t want to eat healthy. It’s just that after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year’s Christmas presents.
A proper title of the passage is ______.

A:Why Restaurants Serve Large Portions B:Income and Food Portion Sizes C:Clean Your Plate D:Less Food on the Plate Is Healthier

Common Problems, Common Solutions
The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago — and decided it’s not for you.
The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers — there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well.
And finally it’s a pretty safe bet that you’re open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and nonsmokers — or you wouldn’t be reading this.
And those three things make you incredibly important today.
Because they mean that yours is the voice — not the smoker’s and not the anti-smoker’s — that will determine how much of society’s efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together.
For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One prominent health organization, to cite but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on "education" (much of it in and-smoking propaganda) and only 2 cents on research.
There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice.
But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only temporary at best, and that over the long run, we can serve society’s interest better by working together in mutual accommodation.
Whatever virtue wails may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can.
As is suggested, the common solution to the common problem is______.

A:to separate people from people B:to work together in mutual accommodation C:to make us more keenly aware of choice D:to serve society’s interests better