School authorities often refuse to face the problem of drug-abuse; government drug-abuse agencies have done too little to inform the public about it; many physicians still seem unaware of it when they examine teenagers. As a result, parents may still be the last to know that their children have fallen victim to the drug epidemic that has been raging for more than a decade among American’s youth. In a survey of a middle-income Cincinnati suburb, 38 percent of the sixth grade and 89 percent of the senior class said they used drug and alcohol; 48 percent of the parents thought their children used alcohol, but only 8 percent thought their children used drug.
Fortunately, there is a new force at work against this epidemic—a nationwide movement of more than 400 parent groups formed to expose and battle drug use among teenagers and preteens. The groups have different approaches and widely varying rates of success. Yet this parental crusade is the only major force in the country to have taken active, organized and effective steps aimed at stopping marijuana use.
Why the concentration on marijuana Marijuana is the illegal drug most used by kids. According to a National High School Survey, 44 percent of U. S. high school seniors had smoked pot during their school years, and one out of seven of these were daily or near daily smokers. There was a close-related connection between pot smoking and subsequent use of cocaine and heroin by young men. Of those who had smoked pot fewer than 100 times, seven percent had graduated to cocaine, four percent to heroin. But of those who had smoked pot at least 1,000 times, 73 percent had gone on to cocaine, and one out of three had graduated to heroin.
Parent groups have found that by stopping their kids from smoking pot, they almost automatically stop all other illegal drugs, and cut down on alcohol use as well. The High School Senior Survey’s statistics show that heavy pot smokers tend to be heavy drinkers, while those who do not use pot tend not to drink heavily.
Since virtually all over the country teenage " partying " has come to mean " getting smashed and getting stoned " on anything from pot to pills to hashish, LSD, and alcohol, some parent groups home in on the partying aspect. Parents Who Care (PWC) was started in 1979 by 15 Palo Alto, Calif., parents who were upset by stories of serious drug problems at parties. They held talk sessions with their children and learned that most of their children had never been to a party where the main activity was not getting high. The parents’ solution: workshops showing kids how to give successful drug-and-alcohol-free parties. Says Margery Ranch, PWC director, " We’ve seen a change in attitude. Young people are feeling more comfortable saying no. /
The author believes that the parent groups______．

A:are formed to work against a physical disease B:are the only force in stopping drug use C:are variously effective in their work D:have achieved great success

School authorities often refuse to face the problem of drug-abuse; government drug-abuse agencies have done too little to inform the public about it; many physicians still seem unaware of it when they examine teenagers. As a result, parents may still be the last to know that their children have fallen victim to the drug epidemic that has been raging for more than a decade among American’s youth. In a survey of a middle-income Cincinnati suburb, 38 percent of the sixth grade and 89 percent of the senior class said they used drug and alcohol; 48 percent of the parents thought their children used alcohol, but only 8 percent thought their children used drug.
Fortunately, there is a new force at work against this epidemic—a nationwide movement of more than 400 parent groups formed to expose and battle drug use among teenagers and preteens. The groups have different approaches and widely varying rates of success. Yet this parental crusade is the only major force in the country to have taken active, organized and effective steps aimed at stopping marijuana use.
Why the concentration on marijuana Marijuana is the illegal drug most used by kids. According to a National High School Survey, 44 percent of U. S. high school seniors had smoked pot during their school years, and one out of seven of these were daily or near daily smokers. There was a close-related connection between pot smoking and subsequent use of cocaine and heroin by young men. Of those who had smoked pot fewer than 100 times, seven percent had graduated to cocaine, four percent to heroin. But of those who had smoked pot at least 1,000 times, 73 percent had gone on to cocaine, and one out of three had graduated to heroin.
Parent groups have found that by stopping their kids from smoking pot, they almost automatically stop all other illegal drugs, and cut down on alcohol use as well. The High School Senior Survey’s statistics show that heavy pot smokers tend to be heavy drinkers, while those who do not use pot tend not to drink heavily.
Since virtually all over the country teenage " partying " has come to mean " getting smashed and getting stoned " on anything from pot to pills to hashish, LSD, and alcohol, some parent groups home in on the partying aspect. Parents Who Care (PWC) was started in 1979 by 15 Palo Alto, Calif., parents who were upset by stories of serious drug problems at parties. They held talk sessions with their children and learned that most of their children had never been to a party where the main activity was not getting high. The parents’ solution: workshops showing kids how to give successful drug-and-alcohol-free parties. Says Margery Ranch, PWC director, " We’ve seen a change in attitude. Young people are feeling more comfortable saying no.

The author believes that the parent groups（）

A:are formed to work against a physical disease B:are the only force in stopping drug use C:are variously effective in their work D:have achieved great success

She ought (to) (stopping) work; She (has a headache )because she has been reading (too) long.

A:to B:stopping C:has a headache D:too

Passage One
A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement(新拓居地) spread over farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the toad, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there’ were thousands of. miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.
The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental sys tem. In 1862 congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska west ward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish labourers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honour the great achievement.
The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.

The major problems with America' s railroad system in the mid-19th century lay in（）

A:poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systems B:lack of financial support for development C:limited railroad lines D:lack of a transcontinental railroad

Passage Two
A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement (新拓居地) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.
The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.
The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to One another it helped unify the United States.

The major problems with America's railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in（　）

A:poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systems B:lack of financial support for development C:limited railroad lines D:lack of a transcontinental railroad

Passage Two
A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement (新拓居地) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.
The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.
The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to One another it helped unify the United States.

The major problems with America's railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in （）

A:poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systems B:lack of financial support for development C:limited railroad lines D:lack of a transcontinental railroad

The old man walked slowly, stopping frequently ______.

A:on rest B:at rest C:resting D:to rest

She ought (to) (stopping) work; She (has a headache )because she has been reading (too) long.

A:to B:stopping C:has a headache D:too