CO

A:可致肺水肿 B:影响血红蛋白与氧的结合，使血红蛋白失去携氧能力 C:可引起肺癌 D:导致慢性阻塞性肺部疾患 E:对眼结膜和呼吸道黏膜具有刺激作用

IQ-gene

    In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked¹ ： no one has identified any genes ( other than² those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London"sInstituteofPsychiatrydecided to look for some. They figured that if you want to find a “ smart gene, ” you should look in smart kids. They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years early — and still score at Princeton-caliber levels³. The scientists found what they sought.⁴ “ We have，” says Plomin，“ the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence. ”

    Plomin"s colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each, all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties aroundCleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 103. All the children are white. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each child"s chromosome 6. Of the 37 landmarks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for, one jumped out⁵ ： a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group — 32 percent versus 16 percent. The study, in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science, concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence.

    Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study⁶. One is the possibility that Plomin"s group fell for⁷ ” chopsticks fallacy". Geneticists might think they"ve found a gene for chopsticks flexibility, but all they"ve really found is a gene more common in Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomin"s IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement⁸. “ What is the gene that they"ve found reflects ethnicity?" asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg ofJohnsHopkinsUniversity. “ That alone might explain the link to intelligence, since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a child"s environment. ” And Neil Risch of Standford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on a chromosome，as the researchers did，and find that one is more common in smarter kids，that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence⁹. Warns Feinberg： “I would take these findings with a whole box of salt¹⁰. ”

词汇：

psychiatry / saɪˈkaɪətri/ n. 精神病学 

caliber /"kælɪbə/ n. 能力，才干，水准
chopsticks /"tʃɒpstɪks/ n. 筷子 

ethnicity /eθˈnɪsəti/ n. 民族特性
figure /ˈfiɡə/ vt. 估计，想象 

geneticist /dʒəˈnetɪsɪst/ n. 遗传学家
fallacy /ˈfæləsi/ n. 谬误

causal / ˈkɔ:zl / adj.原因的，因果关系的

注释：

1.one little fact gets overlooked：有一个小事实被忽视了。这里get与过去分词一起相当于被动语态。
2.other than：除了……（以外）
3.score at Princeton-caliber levels：得分可列入像美国普林斯顿大学那样的重点大学的才子之列。
4.The scientists found what they sought.科学家们发现了他们所要寻找的东西。
5.jump out：显得突出
6.see major problems with the IQ-gene study：发现了智商基因研究的主要问题
4.fall for：受到……的蒙蔽
8.groups that emphasize academic achievement：强调学术成就的群体
9. ... that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence. ……那也许纯属偶然，而不反映基因与智力间的因果关系。
10. I would take these findings with a whole box of salt.我对实验的发现抱很大的怀疑。斜体部分 源自固定短语take sth. with a grain of salt，意为“抱有怀疑”。

What does Feinberg mean by saying “I would take these findings with a whole box of salt"?

A:He would consider them while eating his meals B:He definitely believes the findings C:He would consider them while shopping for salt D:He doubts the findings very much

Sauna

    Ceremonial bathing¹ has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath，or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Romeand" pre-Columbian Americans² used sweat lodges.

    The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit³ would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “ savusauna”，is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.

    Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving⁴, Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion arid speed recovery time⁵. The body’s core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating⁶ a slight fever⁷. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying “feed a cold，starve a fever" The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.

    Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs⁸ of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body"s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system⁹ gets a work out¹⁰ as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.

    A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor"s advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions¹¹ at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.

词汇：

sauna / "sɔ:nə i/ n.(芬兰式）蒸汽浴，桑拿浴

congestion / kənˈdʒestʃən / n.阻塞;拥塞

odor / "əʊdə / n.气味，味道

arthritis /ɑ:ˈθraɪtɪs / n. 关节炎

inflammation / ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn / n.炎(症）

grime /ɡraɪm / n.污垢；尘垢

cardiovascular / ˌkɑ:diəʊˈvæskjələ(r) / adj.心、血 管的

diabetes / ˌdaɪəˈbi:ti:z / n.糖尿病

注释：

1. ceremonial bathing:仪式性的沐浴。许多zōng jiāo 都有这种以沐浴作为仪式的习俗。

2. pre-Columbian Americans:哥伦布前的美洲人。Columbian是Columbus的形容词形式，意思是“哥伦布的”;pre-是前缀,意思是:在……前。pre-Columbian Americans，其完整的意思是: 哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲人。

3. fire-pit:火槽

4. relaxing and stress relieving:能使人放松并消除压力。

5. alleviate congestion and speed recovery time:减轻胸闷感，加快康复的速度。

6. imitate: to appear like; resemble:像;类似

7. feed a cold, starve a fever:[谤]伤风时宜吃，发热时宜饿;伤风不怕吃，热病不怕饿。

8. lb: pound(磅)的缩写形式。

9. cardiovascular system:心血管系统

10. a work out:做名词用，意为“运动，锻炼”。

11. sessions:(做某事或进行某活动的)一段时间

Who are advised not to take a sauna?

A:Elderly people B:Pregnant women C:People with heart trouble D:All of the above

Sauna

    Ceremonial bathing ¹ has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath，or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Romeand" pre-Columbian Americans ² used sweat lodges.

    The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit ³ would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “ savusauna”，is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.

    Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving ⁴, Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion arid speed recovery time ⁵. The body’s core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating ⁶ a slight fever. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying “feed a cold，starve a fever ⁷" The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.

    Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs ⁸ of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body"s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system ⁹ gets a work out ¹⁰ as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.

    A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor"s advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions ¹¹ at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.

词汇：

Sauna  ["sɔːnə] n．（芬兰式）蒸汽浴，桑拿浴

congestion [kənˈdʒestʃən] n．阻塞；拥塞

Odor ["əʊdə]  n．气味，味道              

grime [ɡraɪm]   n．污垢；尘垢 Arthriti  n．关节炎             

cardiovascular [ˌkɑ:diəʊˈvæskjələ(r)] adj．心血管的

inflammation [ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn]  n．咒，炎（症）    

diabetes [ˌdaɪəˈbi:ti:z]  n．糖尿病

asthma [ˈæsmə] n．气喘 

注释：

1.ceremonial bathing:仪式性的沐浴。许多zōng jiāo 都有这种以沐浴作为仪式的习俗。

2.pre-Columbian Americans:哥伦布前的美洲人。Columbian是Columbus的形容词形式，意思是“哥伦布的”；pre-是前缀，意思是：在……前。pre-Columbian Amencans，其完整的意思是：哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲人。

3.fire-pit:火槽

4.relaxing and stress relieving:能使人放松并消除压力。

5.alleviate congestion and speed recovery time:减轻胸闷感，加快康复的速度。

6.imitate:to appear like；resemble：像；类似

7.feed a cold，starve afever:[谚]伤风时宜吃，发热时宜饿；伤风不怕吃，热病不怕饿。

8. lb:pound(磅)的缩写形式。

9.cardiovascular system:心血管系统

10.a work out:做名词用，意为“运动，锻炼”。

11. sessions:（做某事或进行某活动的）一段时间

Who are advised not to take a sauna?

A:Elderly people B:Pregnant women C:People with heart trouble D:All of the above

CO （）

A:可致肺水肿 B:影响血红蛋白与氧的结合，使血红蛋白失去携氧能力 C:可引起肺癌 D:导致慢性阻塞性肺部疾患 E:对眼结膜和呼吸道黏膜具有刺激作用

CO

A:可致肺水肿 B:影响血红蛋白与氧的结合，使血红蛋白失去携氧能力 C:可引起肺癌 D:导致慢性阻塞性肺部疾患 E:对眼结膜和呼吸道黏膜具有刺激作用

Rock Co. wants to purchase lumber from Logging Co.. Rock Co. and Logging Co. agree that a letter of credit will be used for payment. Who is the applicant（）

A:Rock Co B:Logging Co C:Bank D:None of them