“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning

In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, an European research group has found that people drinking alcohol out side of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food.¹ Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies² and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.

After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals³ faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus, when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal⁴ cancer. “Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites⁵ traced to smoking or drinking⁶ by the study volunteers,” Dal Maso says. The discouraging news, his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn’t eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.

For their new analyst, the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups, based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week⁷. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to⁸ 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day.⁹ Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people in the lowestconsumption group, participants who. drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx¹⁰. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the highe consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.

People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake, with-meals-only group¹¹ was only triple that¹² in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.

“Alcohol can inflame tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer.” Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol of those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol.

 

词汇:
avity /kævɪtɪ/n. 口腔

pharynx / ˈfærɪŋks / n.咽 

pharyngeal /  fəˈrɪndʒiəl / adj.咽的
esophagus / ɪ"sɒfəɡəs / n.食管 

esophageal  / ˌi:sə"fædʒɪəl / adj.食管的
larynx / ˈlærɪŋks / n.喉 

scrub / skrʌb / v.擦净，擦掉

pharyngeal / fəˈrɪndʒiəl / adj.咽的
esophagus / ɪ"sɒfəɡəs / n.食管

esophageal / ˌi:sə"fædʒɪəl / adj.食管的

larynx / ˈlærɪŋks / n.喉

scrub / skrʌb / v.擦净，擦掉

 

注释:

1. ... than do those taking their libations with food:这是一个倒装句，其正常语序为 than those taking their libations with food do。这里的 do是一个代词，代替上半句中的 have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck。

2. drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies:取自四项癌症研究的 1500个病例的饮酒习惯模式

3. downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals:在就餐时间以外灌下大量烈酒。 down:在此作动词用，意为:“喝下，灌下” ;significant:意为“large in amount”，（大量的 )。

4. laryngeal: larynx (喉)的形容词形式。

5. these four sites:指该段前两句提到的 oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, larynx。

6. traced to smoking or drinking:根源就是抽烟或喝酒。 trace to:回溯到…

7. in an average week:平均每星期

8. up to:高达

9. 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day:每周 56杯，平均每天 8杯以上。 eight后省略了 serving意为“（食物或饮料的）一份”。

10. for all sites other than the larynx:除喉以外的全部部位。 other than:除了。

11. high-intake, with-meals-only group: (酒精)高摄入、仅在就餐时饮酒的（实验）组。high-intake和 with-meals-only在此都是合成形容词，修饰 group。

12. was only triple that:是它的三倍。 that指该句前半句中的 laryngeal cancer risk。

Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day?

A:3 drinks. B:8 drinks. C:20 drinks. D:56 drinks.

“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning

    In  what may be bad news for bars and pubs，a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food¹ Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies² and another 3，500 adults who had never had cancer.

    After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals³ faced at least  50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus, when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal⁴ cancer. “ Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites⁵ traced to smoking or drinking6 by the study volunteers，” Dal Maso says. The discouraging news, his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn’t eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.

     For their new analysis，the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups，based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week⁷. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to⁸ 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day.⁹ Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people in the lowest-consumption group, participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx¹⁰. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.

    People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake, with-meals-only group¹¹ was only triple that¹² in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.

     “Alcohol can inflame tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer. ” Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol.

 

词汇：

cavity / "kævətɪ /n.腔

pharynx/ "færɪŋks/ n.咽

pharyngeal / fəˈrɪndʒiəl /adj.咽的
esophagus/ ɪ"sɒfəɡəs/ n.食管

esophageal / ˌi:sə"fædʒɪəl/adj.食管的
larynx / ˈlærɪŋks /n.喉

scrub / skrʌb /v.擦净，擦掉

triple ["trɪpl]adj.三倍的，n.三部; .v成三倍; 

serving[ˈsə:viŋ] n.（食物或饮料的）一份

inflame[ɪn"fleɪm] v. 使发炎; 

digestive-tract tissue 消化道组织

quadruple[kwɒ"dru:pl]v.成四倍,adj.四倍的

laryngeal[ləˈrɪndʒiəl]adj.喉的

 

注释：

1. …than do those taking their libations with food：这是一个倒装句，其正常语序为than those taking their libations with food do。这里的do是一个代词，代替上半句中的have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck。
2.drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies ：取自四项癌症研究的1，500 个病例的饮酒习惯模式
3.downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals：在就餐时间以外灌下大量烈酒。down：在此作动词用，意为：“喝下，灌下”；significant：意为“large in amount”（大量的）。
4.laryngeal：larynx (喉）的形容词形式。
5.these four sites：指该段前两句提到的oral cavity，pharynx, esophagus, larynx。
6.traced to smoking or drinking：根源就是抽烟或喝酒。trace to:回溯到……
7.in an average week：平均每星期
8.up to：高达
9.56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day：每周56 杯，平均每天8杯以上。eight后省略了servings意为“(食物或饮料的）一份”。
10.for all sites other than the larynx：除喉以外的全部部位。other than：除了。
11.high-intake, with-meals-only group：(酒精）高摄入、仅在就餐时饮酒的（实验）组。high-intake和with-meals-only在此都是合成形容词，修饰group。
12.was only triple that：是它的三倍。that 指该句前半句中的laryngeal cancer risk。

Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day?

A:3 drinks B:8 drinks C:20 drinks D:56 drinks

A 　　A Guide to the University 　　Food 　　The TWU Cafeteria is open 7am to 8pm. It serves snacks（　）, drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study. 　　If you are on campus in the evening or lat at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Gouglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching. 　　Relaxation 　　The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying , cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays. 　　Health 　　Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9am to noon and 1;00 to 4;30pm. 　　Academic Support 　　All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door two 30 –minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free. 　　Transportation 　　The TWU Express is a shuttle（　） service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8am and 3pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria

A:Do homework and watch TV B:Buy drinks and enjoy concerts C:have meals and meet with friends D:Add money to your ID and play chess

In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food. Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3.500 adults who had never had cancer.
After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus, when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 50 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer. "Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study volunteers, " Dal Maso says. The discouraging news. his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn’t eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.
For their new analysis, the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups. based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day. Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people in the lowest-consumption group, participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.
People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer. 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer. and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake, with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.
"Alcohol can inflame tissues. Over time. that inflammation can trigger cancer. " Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol.
Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day

A:3 drinks. B:8 drinks. C:20 drinks. D:56 drinks.

{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}

When you attend a Mochiyori party, you need ______.

A:interview celebrities B:buy drinks and snacks C:get permission from the organizer D:take to it a course you have cooked

Life at Aichi University
I’m Yamamoto Mika, a 22-year old Japanese girl. I’d like to invite you to Aichi University so you can understand my life.
Our university has a close relationship with China and my department is the only one of its kind in Japan. My courses include the Chinese language, modem Chinese politics and economics. I love the Chinese culture and I have been to Tian jin as an exchange student.
In Japan, our courses are divided into compulsory, optional and specialized courses. However, we have a flexible schedule. We can choose classes from a wide range of options.
Many students finish the compulsory courses in three years so that they can have one year without any classes. They often use this period of time to study abroad, conduct research and travel. Many students even suspend their study for additional study-abroad opportunities.
Japanese universities encourage students to choose their own ways of study, so it is quite easy for us to apply for study suspension.
Japanese students participate in various kinds of extracurricular activities. They attend clubs from elementary schools, so many have already been accustomed to clubs when they enter university.
Our university now has 42 art clubs and 45 sports clubs. The annual University Festival is the grandest carnival of Japanese universities. In the festival, students promote their clubs and organize various activities. Our university’s festival attracted about 150,000 people last year. I really like this festival.
In school, I participate in the journalism club. When we have the club promotion, we cook "tonnjiru", a kind of pork soup, and sell it to other students at the fair.
We also go to different places to interview celebrities who attend our festival as guests. It is a wonderful experience to talk to those stars face to face.
Japanese students like to hold parties. We have two kinds of parties. One is the Mochiyori party. If you want to attend this party you have to cook a course and take it to the party. The organizer buys drinks and snacks.
Another kind of party is the Nomikai, which mainly involves alcohol. We drink something called chu-hai, which is a combination of soda and wine. We also drink Japanese sake and beer. There are parties for many occasions, like welcoming new students, graduation, celebrating victories, birthday parties or just for promoting friendship.
When you attend a Mochiyori party, you need

A:interview celebrities. B:buy drinks and snacks. C:get permission from the organizer. D:take to it a course you have cooked.

第一篇
　　Japanese students like to hold parties. We have two kinds of parties. One is the Mochiyori party. If you want to attend this party you have to cook a course and take it to the party. The organizer buys drinks and snacks. 　　The other kind of party is the Nomikai, which mainly involves alcohol. We drink　something called chu-hai, which is a combination of soda and wine. We also drink Japanese sake (日本米酒) and beer. There are parties for many occasions, like welcoming new students, celebrating victories and birthday parties or just for promoting friendship. What is the requirement for attending the Mochiyori party?

A:You have to interview celebrities. B:You have to buy drinks and snacks. C:You have to get permission from the organizer. D:You have to take to it a course you have cooked.