单选题
单选题
Transport and Trade
1 Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to1 their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale2.
2 The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied3 by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between BritainandNew Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.
3 Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on4 what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.
4 By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on5 making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.
5 Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.
词汇：
aid /eid/ n．帮助，援助
plentiful /"plentiful/ adj．充裕的，丰富的
scarce /skeəs / adj．匾乏的，缺少的
canal /kə"næl/ n．运河
suburbs /"sʌbəbz/ n．郊区
deliver /di"livə/v．送（货）
port /pɔ:t/ n．港口
cable /"keibl/ n．电缆
commerce /"kɔməs/ n．商业
注释：
1. add to：增添，增加
2. on a small scale：小规模地。注意这里用的介词是on。
3. accompany：伴随。例如：The dance was accompanied by music．音乐伴舞。
4. live on：以……为主食
5. concentrate on：集中
A to send goods to various parts of the worldB at any time during the year
C has gieatly promoted trade
D is it possible to produce on a large scale
E the transport of goods
F it is possible to produce on a large scaleOnly when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly_________.
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
A month ago, the British government announced a plan to keep terrorist suspects indefinitely under house arrest (1) the home secretary’s say-so, It has been attacked from all sides ever since. This week the government backtracked. Under the Prevention of Terrorism bill, (2) to Parliament this week, house arrest would (3) a potential (4) in the government’s ever-expanding anti-terrorist arsenal, but the government would first have to (5) of Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights guaranteeing a right to liberty. Parliament would have to vote on that.
The government could do this (6) the terrorist threat to Britain, already described by the government as " (7) ", got even worse. Even then, the powers would remain (8) by political and judicial safeguards. Before the home secretary could make a house-arrest order, he would have to be satisfied on the (9) of probabilities--no longer on the basis of "reasonable suspicion --that the suspect has been "involved in a terrorism-related activity". He would also have to be (10) that such an order was "strictly required". The period of house-arrest will be limited to a maximum of six months, extendable through a new house-arrest order. Within seven days of its being imposed, the High Court would have to confirm that the home secretary had " (11) grounds" for making such an order. Even if it were so satisfied, the case would go on to a full court (12)
The bill also provides for a whole range of lesser restrictions including tagging, curfews, a ban on association with specified people, prohibitions on using phones, restrictions on travel, and so on. (13) to meet the threat (14) by each suspect and limited to a renewable period of 12 months, these would not be subject to the same judicial scrutiny as house arrest. Nor would they require (15) from the European convention.
But the new orders, including house arrest, would be used only where a suspected terrorist could not be prosecuted (16) because the evidence against him was not admissible in court, or because it might (17) intelligence sources or (18) techniques. Charles Clarke insists that he would prefer to prosecute. (19) the home secretary is considering further anti-terrorist legislation, including making it (20) to be involved in the preparation or commission of terrorist acts.
A:if only B:only if C:only that D:only not
Even plants can run a fever, especially when they are under attack by insects or disease. But (1) humans, plants can have their temperature (2) from 3,000 feet away—straight up. A decade ago, (3) the infrared scanning technology developed for military purpose and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley (4) a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine (5) ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmer (6) target pesticide spraying (7) rain poison on a whole field, which (8) include plants that don’t have the pest problem.
Even better, Paley’s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problem before they became (9) to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet (10) , an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were (11) into a color-coded map showing (12) plants were running "fevers". Farmers could then spot spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they (13) would.
The bad news is that Paley’s company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers (14) the new technology and long-term backers were hard (15) . But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to (16) into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt about the technology works. "This technique can be used (17) 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States," says George Oerther of Texas A＆M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks (18) infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But (19) Paley finds the financial backing (20) he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
A:even if B:if only C:only if D:though
A narrowing of your work interests is implied in almost any transition from a study environment to managerial or professional work. In the humanities and social sciences you will at best reuse only a fraction of the material (1) in three or four years’ study. In most career paths academic knowledge only (2) a background to much more applied decision-making. Even with a " training " form of degree, (3) a few of the procedures or methods (4) in your studies are likely to be continuously relevant in your work. Partly this (5) the greater specialization of most work tasks compared (6) studying. Many graduates are not (7) with the variety involved in (8) from degree study in at least four or five subjects a year to very standardized job (9) . Academic work values (10) inventiveness, originality, and the cultivation of self-realization and self-development. Emphasis is placed (11) generating new ideas and knowledge, assembling (12) information to make a " rational " decision, appreciating basic (13) and theories, and getting involved in fundamental controversies and debates. The humanistic values of higher (14) encourages the feeling of being (15) in a process with a self-developmental rhythm. (16) , even if your employers pursue enlightened personnel development (17) and invest heavily in " human capital " —for example, by rotating graduate trainees to (18) their work experiences—you are still likely to notice and feel (19) about some major restrictions of your (20) and activities compared with a study environment.
3（）A:hardly B:scarcely C:evenly D:only
Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
A month ago, the British government announced a plan to keep terrorist suspects indefinitely under house arrest (1) the home secretary’s say-so, It has been attacked from all sides ever since. This week the government backtracked. Under the Prevention of Terrorism bill, (2) to Parliament this week, house arrest would (3) a potential (4) in the government’s ever-expanding anti-terrorist arsenal, but the government would first have to (5) of Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights guaranteeing a right to liberty. Parliament would have to vote on that. The government could do this (6) the terrorist threat to Britain, already described by the government as " (7) ", got even worse. Even then, the powers would remain (8) by political and judicial safeguards. Before the home secretary could make a house-arrest order, he would have to be satisfied on the (9) of probabilities--no longer on the basis of "reasonable suspicion --that the suspect has been "involved in a terrorism-related activity". He would also have to be (10) that such an order was "strictly required". The period of house-arrest will be limited to a maximum of six months, extendable through a new house-arrest order. Within seven days of its being imposed, the High Court would have to confirm that the home secretary had " (11) grounds" for making such an order. Even if it were so satisfied, the case would go on to a full court (12) The bill also provides for a whole range of lesser restrictions including tagging, curfews, a ban on association with specified people, prohibitions on using phones, restrictions on travel, and so on. (13) to meet the threat (14) by each suspect and limited to a renewable period of 12 months, these would not be subject to the same judicial scrutiny as house arrest. Nor would they require (15) from the European convention. But the new orders, including house arrest, would be used only where a suspected terrorist could not be prosecuted (16) because the evidence against him was not admissible in court, or because it might (17) intelligence sources or (18) techniques. Charles Clarke insists that he would prefer to prosecute. (19) the home secretary is considering further anti-terrorist legislation, including making it (20) to be involved in the preparation or commission of terrorist acts.
A:if only B:only if C:only that D:only not
Modern liberal opinion is sensitive to problems of restriction of freedom and abuse of power. (1) , many hold that a man can be injured only by violating his will, but this view is much too (2) . It fails to (3) the great dangers we shall face in the (4) of biomedical technology that stems from an excess of freedom, from the unrestrained (5) of will. In my view, our greatest problems will be voluntary self-degradation, or willing dehumanization, as is the unintended yet often inescapable consequence of sternly and successfully pursuing our humanization (6) .
Certain (7) and perfected medical technologies have already had some dehumanizing consequences. Improved methods of resuscitation have made (8) heroic effort to "save" the severely ill and injured. Yet these efforts are sometimes only partly successful: They may succeed in (9) individuals, but these individuals may have sever brain damage and be capable of only a less-than-human, vegetating (10) . Such patients have been (11) a death with dignity. Families are forced to bear the burden of a (12) "death watch".
(13) the ordinary methods of treating disease and prolonging life have changed the (14) in which men die. Fewer and fewer people die in the familiar surroundings of home or in the (15) of family and friends. This loneliness, (16) , is not confined to the dying patient in the hospital bed. As a group, the elderly are the most alienated members of our society: Not yet (17) the world of the dead, not deemed fit for the world of the living, they are shunted (18) . We have learned how to increase their years, (19) we have not learned how to help them enjoy their days. Yet we continue to bravely and feverishly push back the frontiers (20) death.
A:Even B:But C:Only D:Hence
Modern liberal opinion is sensitive to problems of restriction of freedom and abuse of power. (1) , many hold that a man can be injured only by violating his will, but this view is much too (2) . It fails to (3) the great dangers we shall face in the (4) of biomedical technology that stems from an excess of freedom, from the unrestrained (5) of will. In my view, our greatest problems will be voluntary self-degradation, or willing dehumanization, as is the unintended yet often inescapable consequence of sternly and successfully pursuing our humanization (6) .
Certain (7) and perfected medical technologies have already had some dehumanizing consequences. Improved methods of resuscitation have made (8) heroic effort to "save" the severely ill and injured. Yet these efforts are sometimes only partly successful: They may succeed in (9) individuals, but these individuals may have sever brain damage and be capable of only a less-than-human, vegetating (10) . Such patients have been (11) a death with dignity. Families are forced to bear the burden of a (12) "death watch".
(13) the ordinary methods of treating disease and prolonging life have changed the (14) in which men die. Fewer and fewer people die in the familiar surroundings of home or in the (15) of family and friends. This loneliness, (16) , is not confined to the dying patient in the hospital bed. As a group, the elderly are the most alienated members of our society: Not yet (17) the world of the dead, not deemed fit for the world of the living, they are shunted (18) . We have learned how to increase their years, (19) we have not learned how to help them enjoy their days. Yet we continue to bravely and feverishly push back the frontiers (20) death.
A:Even B:But C:Only D:Hence
W: Look at this pink watch. It looks great, doesn't it And it' s only $ 20.
M:______
A:It' s only twenty dollars. God knows it. B:I don ' t want to look at it. After all, it' s a watch. C:The price is good. But I want to buy a more expensive watch. D:How is it possible that a watch only cost us $ 20
New rules and behavior standards for middle school students came out in March. A middle school is going to start new rules (1) who the top students are. The best students will (2) have high marks, they will also be ones who don’t color their hair, smoke or drink. The following are more of the new rules:Tell the truth. Have you ever copied (3) work in an exam Don’t do it again! That’s not something (4) students should do. If you are playing computer games in your room, don’t tell your parents you are doing homework.Do more activities at school. Good students love animals and (5) others. April is Bird-Loving Month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate it You should join ! That way you can learn more about animals and (6) them. When more people work together, it brings us more (7) .Learn to co-operate. When your basketball team is (8) , only working together can make your team (9) Be friendly to the people you are with. Try to think of others, not only yourself.Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought that people could live on the moon Maybe you’ll (10) Earth II someday. Don’t look down upon new ideas. All the ideas are important. You should welcome them, because new ideas make life better for everyone.Pay attention to your safety. You should not walk (11) outside, especially at night. (12) where the public phones are. If (13) happens, you can find them quickly. If you take a bus to a place far away, please don’t sleep. This prevents a stranger (14) money from you.Use the Internet carefully. The Internet can be very useful for your studies. (15) not everything on the Internet is fit for kids. You may enter healthy websites for your homework or just for fun.
第（2）空应选择（）
A:neither B:both C:not only D:only
In usual marine applications, bellows joints are designed and fitted to accommodate straight line axial movement only and the associated piping requires adequate anchors and guides to prevent misalignmentAccording to the above sentence, which of the following statements is true?
A:The marine bellows joints are attached in the accommodation only B:The bellows joints should be attached to anchors C:The associated piping should be thrown into the water like as anchors D:The connecting piping with the joints should be fixed firmly
