Eiffel Is an Eyeful¹

　　Some² 300 meters up, near the Eiffel Tower"s wind-whipped summit the world comes to scribble³. Japanese,Brazilians, Americans — they graffiti⁴ their names,loves and politics on the cold iron — transforming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world on the move⁵.
　　With Paris laid out in miniature⁶ below，it seems strange that visitors would rather waste time marking their presence than admiring the view⁷. But the graffiti also raises a question ： Why, nearly 114 years after it was completed,and decades after it ceased to be the world, s tallest structure,is la Tour Eiffel still so popular⁸?
　　The reasons are as complex as the iron work that graces⁹ a structure some 90 stories high. But part of the answer is, no doubt, its agelessness. Regularly maintained, it should never rust away. Graffiti is regularly painted over,but the tower lives on.
　　"Eiffel represents Paris and Paris is France. It is very symbolic”，says Hugues Richard¹⁰,a 31- year-old Frenchman who holds the record for cycling up to the tower"s second floor 一 747 steps in 19 minutes and 4 seconds, without touching the floor with his feet. "It"s iron lady，It inspires us¹¹ ”， he says.
　　But to what¹²? After all,the tower doesn" t have a purpose. It ceased to be the world’ s tallest in 1930 when the Chrysler Building¹³ went up in New York. Yes，television and radio signals are beamed from the top,and Gustave Eiffel,a frenetic builder who died on December 27，aged 91 ,used its height for conducting research into weather, aerodynamics and radio communication.
　　But in essence the tower inspires simply by being there — a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will¹⁴. To the technically minded¹⁵, it"s an engineering triumph. For lovers, it"s romantic.
　　"The tower will outlast all of us,and by a long way¹⁶”，says Isabelle Esnous, whose company manages Eiffel Tower.

词汇：

Eiffel Tower (法国巴黎的)埃菲尔铁塔
eyeful /" ˈaɪfʊl / n.引人注目的景象
scribble / "skrɪbl / v.乱涂，乱画
graffiti / grəˈfi:ti：/v.&n .涂写,涂画
iron work 铁制品；铁工
agelessness /" eɪdʒ"ləsnəs / n.永恒，永不过日寸
rust / rʌst / v.生锈（rust away 锈烂掉）
frenetic / frəˈnetɪk / adj.极度激动的，狂乱
aerodynamics / ˌeərəʊdaɪˈnæmɪks / n?空气动力学

注释：

1.Eiffel Is an Eyefiil:引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔。由于Eiffel和Eyeful读音相似，使用Eyeful而 不是其他的词是有其修辞效果的。埃菲尔铁塔是古斯塔夫·埃菲尔（Gustave Eiffel，1832— 1923，法国工程师)为1889年的巴黎博览会设计的。该塔在塞纳河南岸，高300公尺（984 英尺）。埃菲尔铁塔的法文是第二段最后一句中的“la Tour Eiffel"。
2.some:意为“approximately;about，，（大约，将近）。如它 40 people attended the rally.大约 有40个人参加了集会。
3.the world comes to scribble:世界各地的人们来此涂鸦。
4.raffiti:在此用作graffito的动词形式，意思是“涂鸦，在墙或其他表面上创作的画或铭刻”。
5.transforming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world on the move.使最有法兰西 色彩的纪念碑成为动感世界的象征。the most + adj. + of + n.意为“在……中最为…… 的” 如：Beethoven is the greatest of musicians.贝多芬是最伟大的音乐家。on the move:在 运动中。
6.in miniature:小型的，小规模的，缩影的
7….would rather waste time marking their presence than admiring the view.宁愿花时间留下到此一游的痕迹,而不去观赏风景。would rather…than:宁愿……而不……： He would rather stay at home watching DVD than going to the cinema.他宁愿待在家里8.看 DVD,而不愿到电影院去看电影。
8.在原句Why is la Tour Eiffel still so popular?的 Why 与 la Tour Eiffel still so popular?之间插 AT nearly 114 years after it was completed, and decades after it ceased to be the world"s tallest structure.
9.graces:在此作动词，意为“to give beauty, elegance, or charm to”（使……优美，优雅或具有魅力）o
10.Hugues Richard:法国自行车运动员，多次打破自行车运动的世界纪录，于2002年4月8日 以19分钟零4秒的成绩骑自行车登上埃菲尔铁塔的第二层，第六次打破自行车运动的世 界纪录。
11.“It’s iron lady,it inspires us. ”：“这是铁娘子，能让人产生灵感。”It指埃菲尔铁塔。
12.But to what?这是一个省略句,接着上段Hugues Richard的话发问，完整的句子可以是:But what does it inspire people to?
13.the Chrysler Building:是美国纽约帝国大厦（the Empire State Building)建成之前，世界第一 高楼，共77层，设计师是William Van Alen。
14….a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will:—张空白的画布，任游客自由遐想
15.To the technically minded:对于那些善于从技术角度考虑问题的人来说，从技术的角度来 说。
16."The tower will outlast all of us,and by a long way. ”：“这座塔将在我们所有的人离去后长 久存在。”outlast：意为“ to last longer than”（比……持久）。out-：前缀，意思是“比…… 更…”。如：Women are said to outlive men.据说女人比男人长寿。
by a long way ：副词，意思是“大大地”。

What seems strange to the author?

A:Visitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view. B:Visitors spends much time watching other people scribbling. C:Only Japanese,Brazilians and Americans like to mark their presence. D:Scribbling spread from country to country.

Eiffel Is an Eyeful¹

　　Some² 300 meters up, near the Eiffel Tower"s wind-whipped summit the world comes to scribble³. Japanese,Brazilians, Americans — they graffiti⁴ their names,loves and politics on the cold iron — transforming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world on the move⁵.
　　With Paris laid out in miniature⁶ below，it seems strange that visitors would rather waste time marking their presence than admiring the view⁷. But the graffiti also raises a question ： Why, nearly 114 years after it was completed,and decades after it ceased to be the world, s tallest structure,is la Tour Eiffel still so popular⁸?
　　The reasons are as complex as the iron work that graces⁹ a structure some 90 stories high. But part of the answer is, no doubt, its agelessness. Regularly maintained, it should never rust away. Graffiti is regularly painted over,but the tower lives on.
　　"Eiffel represents Paris and Paris is France. It is very symbolic”，says Hugues Richard¹⁰,a 31- year-old Frenchman who holds the record for cycling up to the tower"s second floor 一 747 steps in 19 minutes and 4 seconds, without touching the floor with his feet. "It"s iron lady，It inspires us¹¹ ”， he says.
　　But to what¹²? After all,the tower doesn" t have a purpose. It ceased to be the world’ s tallest in 1930 when the Chrysler Building¹³ went up in New York. Yes，television and radio signals are beamed from the top,and Gustave Eiffel,a frenetic builder who died on December 27，aged 91 ,used its height for conducting research into weather, aerodynamics and radio communication.
　　But in essence the tower inspires simply by being there — a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will¹⁴. To the technically minded¹⁵, it"s an engineering triumph. For lovers, it"s romantic.
　　"The tower will outlast all of us,and by a long way¹⁶”，says Isabelle Esnous, whose company manages Eiffel Tower.

词汇：

Eiffel Tower (法国巴黎的)埃菲尔铁塔
eyeful /" ˈaɪfʊl / n.引人注目的景象
scribble / "skrɪbl / v.乱涂，乱画
graffiti / grəˈfi:ti：/v.&n .涂写,涂画
iron work 铁制品；铁工
agelessness /" eɪdʒ"ləsnəs / n.永恒，永不过日寸
rust / rʌst / v.生锈（rust away 锈烂掉）
frenetic / frəˈnetɪk / adj.极度激动的，狂乱
aerodynamics / ˌeərəʊdaɪˈnæmɪks / n?空气动力学

注释：

1.Eiffel Is an Eyefiil:引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔。由于Eiffel和Eyeful读音相似，使用Eyeful而 不是其他的词是有其修辞效果的。埃菲尔铁塔是古斯塔夫·埃菲尔（Gustave Eiffel，1832— 1923，法国工程师)为1889年的巴黎博览会设计的。该塔在塞纳河南岸，高300公尺（984 英尺）。埃菲尔铁塔的法文是第二段最后一句中的“la Tour Eiffel"。
2.some:意为“approximately;about，，（大约，将近）。如它 40 people attended the rally.大约 有40个人参加了集会。
3.the world comes to scribble:世界各地的人们来此涂鸦。
4.raffiti:在此用作graffito的动词形式，意思是“涂鸦，在墙或其他表面上创作的画或铭刻”。
5.transforming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world on the move.使最有法兰西 色彩的纪念碑成为动感世界的象征。the most + adj. + of + n.意为“在……中最为…… 的” 如：Beethoven is the greatest of musicians.贝多芬是最伟大的音乐家。on the move:在 运动中。
6.in miniature:小型的，小规模的，缩影的
7….would rather waste time marking their presence than admiring the view.宁愿花时间留下到此一游的痕迹,而不去观赏风景。would rather…than:宁愿……而不……： He would rather stay at home watching DVD than going to the cinema.他宁愿待在家里8.看 DVD,而不愿到电影院去看电影。
8.在原句Why is la Tour Eiffel still so popular?的 Why 与 la Tour Eiffel still so popular?之间插 AT nearly 114 years after it was completed, and decades after it ceased to be the world"s tallest structure.
9.graces:在此作动词，意为“to give beauty, elegance, or charm to”（使……优美，优雅或具有魅力）o
10.Hugues Richard:法国自行车运动员，多次打破自行车运动的世界纪录，于2002年4月8日 以19分钟零4秒的成绩骑自行车登上埃菲尔铁塔的第二层，第六次打破自行车运动的世 界纪录。
11.“It’s iron lady,it inspires us. ”：“这是铁娘子，能让人产生灵感。”It指埃菲尔铁塔。
12.But to what?这是一个省略句,接着上段Hugues Richard的话发问，完整的句子可以是:But what does it inspire people to?
13.the Chrysler Building:是美国纽约帝国大厦（the Empire State Building)建成之前，世界第一 高楼，共77层，设计师是William Van Alen。
14….a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will:—张空白的画布，任游客自由遐想
15.To the technically minded:对于那些善于从技术角度考虑问题的人来说，从技术的角度来 说。
16."The tower will outlast all of us,and by a long way. ”：“这座塔将在我们所有的人离去后长 久存在。”outlast：意为“ to last longer than”（比……持久）。out-：前缀，意思是“比…… 更…”。如：Women are said to outlive men.据说女人比男人长寿。
by a long way ：副词，意思是“大大地”。

Which of the following is nearest in meaning to “（The Eiffel Tower is like)a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will”?

A:Visitors can do whatever they want on the tower. B:Visitors can paint on the tower whatever they want. C:Visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents. D:Visitors can draw on a blank canvas provided by the Tower management company.

After-birth Depression Blamed for¹ Woman"s Suicide

    A new mother apparently suffering from postpartum mental illness fell to her death from a narrow 12th-floor ledge of a Chicagohotel, eluding the lunging grasp of firemen called to help.
　　The Chicago Tribune² reported Tuesday that the mother of a 3-month-old daughter, Melanie Stokes，41，was said to be suffering from+ a severe form of after-birth depression called postpartum psychosis，an extremely rare biological response to rapidly changing hormonal levels that can result in⁴ hallucinations, delusions, severe insomnia and a drastic departure from reality.
　　"That was a monster in my daughter"s brain,” said Stokes’ mother, Carol Blocker. “The medicine took no effect at all, while her grief was so strong that nothing could make up for it.⁵ I"m just glad she didn"t take her daughter with her. ”
　　Virtually all new mothers get postpartum .blues, also called the "baby blues⁶"，which are brief episodes of irritability, moodiness and weepiness. About 20 per cent of birthing women experience postpartum depression, which can be triggered by hormonal changes, sleeplessness and the pressures of being a new mother. It is often temporary and highly treatable.
　　But The Tribune said what scientists suspect Stokes was battling, postpartum psychosis, is even more extreme and is considered a psychiatric emergency.⁷ During postpartum psychosis — a very real disorder that affects less than 1 percent of women, according to the National Institute of Mental Health⁸一 a mother might hear voices, have visions, feel extremely agitated and be at risk of harming the child or herself.
　　Often the consequences are tragic. In 1987，Sheryl Masip of California told a judge that postpartum psychosis made her drive a Volvo over her 6-week-old son. Latrena Pixley of Washington, D. C.⁹，said the disorder was why she smothered her 6-week-old daughter in 1992. And last year,Judy Kirby，a 31-year-old Indianapolis¹⁰ mother allegedly suffering from postpartum psychosis，sped into oncoming traffic¹¹ and plowed into¹² a minivan，killing seven youngsters， including three of her own.

词汇：

postpartum/ ˌpəʊst"pɑ:təm/adj. 产后的

grief / gri:f/n.不幸，灾难
ledge/ ledʒ/n. （自墙壁突出的）壁架；架状突出物

blues / blu:z/n.忧郁，沮丧
elude/ ɪ"lu:d/vt.（巧妙地）躲避，逃脱；困惑，难倒
irritability / ˌɪrɪtə"bɪlətɪ/n.急躁，易怒；兴奋性；过敏
moodiness / "mu:dɪnəs/n.喜怒无常，易怒；忧郁

weepiness 好哭，欲哭
lunge / lʌndʒ/vi.冲刺，猛向前冲

depression/ dɪ"preʃn/n. 抑郁症
psychosis 精神病

agitated/ saɪ"kəʊsɪs/adj. 焦虑不安的，激动的
hormonal/ hɔ:"məʊnl/adj. 激素的

smother / ˈsmʌðə(r)/v.使窒息，使憋死
hallucination / həˌlu:sɪˈneɪʃn/n.幻觉

allegedly/ ə"ledʒɪdlɪ/adv. 根据（人们）宣称
delusion / dɪˈlu:ʒn/n.妄想

insomnia / ɪnˈsɒmniə/n.失眠症

drastic/ ˈdræstɪk/adj. 激烈的；极端的
plow / plaʊ/n.犁，刨；破浪前进

minivan/ ˈmɪnivæn/n. 微型货车

注释：

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of postpartum psychosis?

A:Visions B:Delusions C:Inflamed breast D:Serious sleeplessness

A Gay Biologist

    Molecular biologist Dean Hamer has blue eyes，light brown hair and a good sense of humor. He smokes cigarettes，spends long hours in an old laboratory at the US National Institute of Health， and in his free time climbs up cliffs and points his skis down steep slopes. He also happens to be openly，matter-of-factly gay¹ ?

    What is it that makes Hamer who he is?² What, for that matter³，accounts for⁴ the talents and traits that make up anyone"s personality? Hamer is not content merely to ask such questions ； he is trying to answer them as well. A pioneer in the field of molecular psychology, Hamer is exploring the role genes play in governing the very core of our individuality⁵. To a remarkable extent, his work on what might be called the gay，thrill-seeking and quit-smoking genes reflects how own genetic predispositions.⁶

    That work, which has appeared mostly in scientific journals, has been gathered into an accessible and quite readable form in Hamer"s creative new book, Living with Our Genes. “You have about as much choice in some aspect of your personality," Hamer and co-author Peter Copeland write in the introductory chapter, “ as you do in the shape of your nose or the size of your feet. ”

    Until recently, research into behavioral genetics was dominated by⁷ psychiatrists and psychologists, who based their most compelling conclusions about the importance of genes on⁸ studies of identical twins. For example，psychologist Michael Bailey of Northwestern University famously demonstrated that if one identical twin is gay, there is about a 50% likelihood that the other will be too. Seven years ago, Hamer picked up where the twin studies left off, homing in on⁹ specific strips of DNA that appear to influence everything from mood to sexual orientation¹⁰.

    Hamer switched to behavioral genetics from basic research¹¹ ； after receiving his doctorate from Harvard, he spent more than a decade studying the biochemistry of a protein that cells use to metabolize heavy metals like copper and zinc. As he was about to turn 40, however, Hamer suddenly realized he had learned as much about the protein as he cared to.¹² “ Frankly, I was bored，” he remembers, “and ready for something new. ”

    Homosexual behavior, in particular, seemed ripe for exploration because few scientists had dared tackle such an emotionally and politically charged subject¹³. "I"m gay，” Hamer says with a shrug, "but that was not a major motivation. It was more of a question of intellectual curiosity — and the fact that no one else was doing this sort of research. ”

词汇：

gay / gei / n. & adj.同性恋者（的）

psychiatrist / saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/ n. 精神病医生
molecular / mə"lekjələ(r) / adj. 分子的 

psychologist / saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ n.心理学家
ski / ski:/ n.  滑雪板  

genetics /dʒəˈnetɪks / n. 遗传学
slope / sləʊp / n.斜面，斜坡 

compelling / kəmˈpelɪŋ / adj. 使人信服 的
trait / treɪt / n. 品质，特征，性格 

likelihood /ˈlaɪklihʊd/ n. 可能性
content /"kɒntent/ n.  满足的，满意的 

doctorate / "ˈdɒktərət / n. 博士学位
individuality /ˌɪndɪˌvɪdʒuˈæləti / n. 个性 

protein /ˌˈprəʊti:n / n.蛋白质
metabolizie /ˌme"tæbəˌlaɪt / n. （使）代谢 

predisposition /ˌpredisposition  / n. 倾向，癖性
homosexual /ˌˌhəʊməˈsekʃuəl  / n. & adj.  同性恋者（的）

accessible / əkˈsesəbl / adj. 易于接近的，易于接受的
motivation /ˌməʊtɪ"veɪʃn  / n. 促动因素，冬季

注释：

Hamer was a____

A:psychiatrist B:physiologist C:chemist D:biologist

A Gay Biologist

    Molecular biologist Dean Hamer has blue eyes，light brown hair and a good sense of humor. He smokes cigarettes，spends long hours in an old laboratory at the US National Institute of Health， and in his free time climbs up cliffs and points his skis down steep slopes. He also happens to be openly，matter-of-factly gay¹ ?

    What is it that makes Hamer who he is?² What, for that matter³，accounts for⁴ the talents and traits that make up anyone"s personality? Hamer is not content merely to ask such questions ； he is trying to answer them as well. A pioneer in the field of molecular psychology, Hamer is exploring the role genes play in governing the very core of our individuality⁵. To a remarkable extent, his work on what might be called the gay，thrill-seeking and quit-smoking genes reflects how own genetic predispositions.⁶

    That work, which has appeared mostly in scientific journals, has been gathered into an accessible and quite readable form in Hamer"s creative new book, Living with Our Genes. “You have about as much choice in some aspect of your personality," Hamer and co-author Peter Copeland write in the introductory chapter, “ as you do in the shape of your nose or the size of your feet. ”

    Until recently, research into behavioral genetics was dominated by⁷ psychiatrists and psychologists, who based their most compelling conclusions about the importance of genes on⁸ studies of identical twins. For example，psychologist Michael Bailey of Northwestern University famously demonstrated that if one identical twin is gay, there is about a 50% likelihood that the other will be too. Seven years ago, Hamer picked up where the twin studies left off, homing in on⁹ specific strips of DNA that appear to influence everything from mood to sexual orientation¹⁰.

    Hamer switched to behavioral genetics from basic research¹¹ ； after receiving his doctorate from Harvard, he spent more than a decade studying the biochemistry of a protein that cells use to metabolize heavy metals like copper and zinc. As he was about to turn 40, however, Hamer suddenly realized he had learned as much about the protein as he cared to.¹² “ Frankly, I was bored，” he remembers, “and ready for something new. ”

    Homosexual behavior, in particular, seemed ripe for exploration because few scientists had dared tackle such an emotionally and politically charged subject¹³. "I"m gay，” Hamer says with a shrug, "but that was not a major motivation. It was more of a question of intellectual curiosity — and the fact that no one else was doing this sort of research. ”

词汇：

gay / gei / n. & adj.同性恋者（的）

psychiatrist / saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/ n. 精神病医生
molecular / mə"lekjələ(r) / adj. 分子的 

psychologist / saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ n.心理学家
ski / ski:/ n.  滑雪板  

genetics /dʒəˈnetɪks / n. 遗传学
slope / sləʊp / n.斜面，斜坡 

compelling / kəmˈpelɪŋ / adj. 使人信服 的
trait / treɪt / n. 品质，特征，性格 

likelihood /ˈlaɪklihʊd/ n. 可能性
content /"kɒntent/ n.  满足的，满意的 

doctorate / "ˈdɒktərət / n. 博士学位
individuality /ˌɪndɪˌvɪdʒuˈæləti / n. 个性 

protein /ˌˈprəʊti:n / n.蛋白质
metabolizie /ˌme"tæbəˌlaɪt / n. （使）代谢 

predisposition /ˌpredisposition  / n. 倾向，癖性
homosexual /ˌˌhəʊməˈsekʃuəl  / n. & adj.  同性恋者（的）

accessible / əkˈsesəbl / adj. 易于接近的，易于接受的
motivation /ˌməʊtɪ"veɪʃn  / n. 促动因素，冬季

注释：

What is Hamer doing now?

A:He is exploring the role of genes in deciding one"s intelligence B:He is exploring the role of genes in deciding one"s personality C:He is writing a book entitled “Live with Our Genes” D:He is trying to answer some questions on a test paper

Tracking Down HIV

    In the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angelesimmunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role¹ in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells.

    By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died.

    In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsible for² AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. InParis, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.

    In 1996, researchers announced drugs that reduced HIV in infected people. Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed, then perhaps it can be eradicated³, but it is still a race against time.

词汇：

spot [spɒt] n. 地点，斑点，斑块，青春痘

lymph [lɪmf] n. 淋巴结

sarcoma [sɑ:"kəʊmə] n. 肿瘤，肉瘤，恶性毒瘤

exhaustion [ɪgˈzɔ:stʃən] n. 衰竭，耗尽，精疲力竭

immunologist [ɪgˈzɔ:stʃən] n. 免疫学家

malfunction [ˌmæl"fʌŋkʃn] n. 故障，失灵，疾病

count [kaʊnt] n. 计数，计算

infection [ɪn"fekʃn] n. 传染病，感染

breakdown ["breɪkdaʊn] n. 故障，衰弱，崩溃

toll [təʊl] n. 代价，死亡人数

intravenous drug n. 静脉注射药物

abnormalities [ˌæbnɔ:"mælɪtɪz] n. (abnormality的复数形式)畸形，异常情况

blood transfusion n. 输血

symptom ["sɪmptəm] n. 症状

virologist [vaɪ"rɒlədʒɪst]c n. 病毒学家

virus ["vaɪrəs] n. 病毒

panel ["pænl] n. 座谈小组，仪表板

hemophiliac [ˌhi:mə"fɪlɪæk] n. 血友病患者

vaccine ["væksi:n] n. 疫苗

注释：

1．play a key role...扮演一个关键角色，有至关重要的作用

2．be responsible for...对……负责，是……的原因

This passage is mainly about ____.

A:the spreading of the disease known as HIV B:the work of Dr. Robert Gallo C:infectious diseases D:the symptoms of HIV