单项选择题
单项选择题
Animal’s “Sixth Sense”
A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals, 1 , seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that1 they possess a “sixth sense” for
2 , experts said.
Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island’s coast clearly 3 wild beasts, with no dead animals found.
“No elephants arc dead, not 4 a dead rabbit. I think animals can 5 disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening,” H. D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka’s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The 6 washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka’s biggest wildlife 7 and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.
“There has been a lot of 8 evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven,” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior
9 at Johannesburg Zoo.
“There have been no＿ 10＿ studies because you can’t really test it in a lab or field setting2,” he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this 11 .
“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain 12 , especially birds … there are many reports of birds
detecting impending disasters,” said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.
Animals 13 rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger slid as predators.
The notion of an animal “sixth sense” — or 14 other mythical power is an enduring one3 which the evidence on Sri Lanka’s ravaged coast is likely to add to.
The Romans saw owls 15 omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special power or attributes.
词汇：
tsunami / tsʊˈnɑmi / n．海啸
trigger / "trɪɡə(r) / v．引发，触发
ravaged / "rævidʒid / adj．被毁坏的
leopard / "lepəd / n．豹
eruption / ɪˈrʌpʃən / n．喷发
migrate / maɪ"ɡreɪt / v．迁移
volcanic / vɒlˈkænɪk / adj．火山的
concur / kən"kɜ:(r) / v．（with）同意，赞成
impending / ɪmˈpendɪŋ / adj．迫近的
predator / "predətə(r) / n．食肉动物
mythical / ˈmɪθɪkl / adj．神话般的
owl / aʊl / n．猫头鹰
omen / "əʊmən / n．预兆，征兆
endow / ɪn"daʊ / v．赋予
注释:
1. adds weight to notions that：更加相信……
2. field setting：field意为“实地，野外”， setting意为“环境”。 field setting可译为“野外环境”。
3. enduring one：由来已久的信念。 one指代在句首出现的， noiton enduring意为“持久的，永久的”。空11
A:modification B:detection C:assessment D:value
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction"2 that has surprised researchers with its 1 severity, a new analysis shows.
"We"ve seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 2 of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 3 . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."
Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake. It"s a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 4 and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or 5 .
But most earthquakes are much 6 than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8.
"With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 7 structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 8 filled ground, are much more vulnerable."
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 9 and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 10 damage was removed in the recovery efforts9.
"There"s no doubt that we"ll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar 11 ," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns."
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction ---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 12 within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything 13 a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 14 collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 15 helped prevent many buildings from collapse ---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.
词汇：
subduction /sʌb"dʌkʃən/ n．俯冲
sediment /"sedimənt/ n．沉积；沉淀物
liquefaction /likwi"fækʃən/ n．液化
infrastructure /"Infrə,strʌktʃə/ n．基础设施
geotecnical /dʒiəu"teknikəl] adj．岩土技术
compaction /kəm"pækʃən/ n．压紧的
vulnerable /"vʌlnərəbl/ ad]．易受伤害的
注释：
1. subduction zone：俯冲带。亦称下降带、潜没带、消亡带。板块构造说认为，当大洋板块移动并与大陆板块相遇时，由于大洋板块岩石密度较大，地位也低，便俯冲到大陆板块之下，这一俯冲部分叫做俯冲带。俯冲带两侧板块会聚边界称会聚边缘（convergent boundary)。俯冲带上面反映震源活动的地带称“贝尼奥夫地震带（Benioff seismic zone)"。
2. soil "liquefaction"：土壤液化。土壤液化现象是指由于孔隙水压力上升，有效应力减小所导致的土壤从固态到液态的变化，饱水的疏松的粉、细砂土在振动作用下突然破坏而呈现液态的现象。
3. localized：小范围的
4. geotechnical engineering：岩土工程。
5. Oregon State University：俄勒冈州立大学，建校于1858年，位于美国俄勒冈州科瓦利斯，全校设11个学院，80多个专业，尤以农科和工程最为突出。2008年俄勒冈州立大学的核能工程专业在全美大学中排名第9名。
6. water, drain and gas pipelines：自来水管道、排水管道和煤气管道。"water, drain and gaspipelines” 即“water pipelines, drain pipelines and gas pipelines"。
7. some degree of soil liquefaction：某种程度的土壤液化
8. to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this：本句的意思是：重新审视类似这次（持续时间长的）地震中因土壤液化而可能造成的毁坏的规模。
9. recovery efforts：重建工作
10. that we"ll learn things from what happened in Japan：我们将从日本的地震中学到很多东西。该句是同位语从句，说出前半句no doubt的内容。
11. that：that引导的是定语从句，修辞前半句中的things。
12.suspect：被怀疑对象。文中指的是那些疑似危险的土壤。
空11
A:findings B:locations C: events D:sources
Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found
The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their 1 .Two million people die 2 it. The disease has 3 with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.
Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to 4 a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop 5 they feel better. Doing that can 6 to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how 7 it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients 8 .It would also mean 9 infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.
The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They 10 the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might 11 about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these 12 would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.
The World Health Organization 13 the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make 14 they continue treatment.
Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research 15 new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.
词汇：
cure /kjʊə/ n.疗法,治疗；良药
bacterium /bæk"tɪərɪəm/ (pl bacteria)n.细菌
tuberculosis /tjʊ,bɜːkjʊ"ləʊsɪs/ n.结核（病)
inactive /ɪn"æktɪv/ adj.不活跃的,非活动性的antibiotic /,æntɪbaɪ"ɒtɪk/ adj.抗生的；n.抗生素infectious /ɪn"fekʃəs/ adj.传染性的
infection /ɪn"fekʃ(ə)n/ n.传染,感染;传染病
mathematical /mæθ(ə)"mætɪk(ə)l/ adj.数学（上）的partnership /"pɑːtnəʃɪp/ n.合作,合伙;合作伙伴,合伙人alliance /ə"laɪəns/ n.同盟,联盟
注释：
1.World Health Organization (WHO):世界卫生组织空11
A:bring about B:contributed to C:promote D:prevent
Migrant Workers
In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. 1 some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East1, 2 increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to 3 outsiders to improve local facilities. 4 the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USAandEurope. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, 5 SouthKoreaandJapan.
In view of the difficult living and working conditions in theMiddle East,2it is not 6 that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least 7 money in theMiddle Eastas they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.3 This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.
Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage. 8 the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other 9 safety and comfort. 10 , many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly 11 the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge engineers who prefer to find solutions 12 problems rather than do routine work in their home country.
One major problem which 13 migrant workers in theMiddle Eastis that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. 14 , migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the 15 financial benefits which they receive.
词汇：
migrant /"maɪgrənt/ adj.移民的
allied /"ælaɪd; ə"laɪd/ adj.与此相关的
taxation /tæk"seɪʃən/ n.税，税款
compensate /"kɒmpenseɪt/ v.补偿
routine /ruː"tiːn/ adj.日常的
注释：
1.This is particularly the case in the Middle East...：中东地区目的情况尤为如此……
2.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East...：由于中东地区艰苦的生活和工作条件……in view of 是个短语，表示原因或理由。
3.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it. 一个相关的好处是这里的税收低，或者根本就不收税。
空11
A:because of B:on C:because D:with
A Lucky Break
Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when he"s ___1___sport. In the film Play It to the Bone he___2___the part of a middleweight boxer alongside1 Woody Harrelson. ___3___the making of the film Harrelson___4___complaining that the fight___5___weren"t very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn"t___6___on the idea at first, but he was___7___ persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his___8___was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas___9___hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing "silly macho games". "She was right," confesses Banderas, "and I was a fool to___10___a risk like that in the middle of a movie."
He was___11___of the time2 he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always___12___of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. "That"s when I decided to take___13___ acting; I saw it as___14___way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football___15___was, you might say, my first lucky break."
middleweight / "mɪd(ə)lweɪt / n. 中量级拳击手
注释:
1. ... plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside ... :……与……并肩，扮演一个中量级拳击手……
空11
A:remembered B:reminded C:recorded D:replayed
A Lucky Break
Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when he"s ___1___sport. In the film Play It to the Bone he___2___the part of a middleweight boxer alongside1 Woody Harrelson. ___3___the making of the film Harrelson___4___complaining that the fight___5___weren"t very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn"t___6___on the idea at first, but he was___7___ persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his___8___was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas___9___hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing "silly macho games". "She was right," confesses Banderas, "and I was a fool to___10___a risk like that in the middle of a movie."
He was___11___of the time2 he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always___12___of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. "That"s when I decided to take___13___ acting; I saw it as___14___way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football___15___was, you might say, my first lucky break."
middleweight / "mɪd(ə)lweɪt / n. 中量级拳击手
注释:
1. ... plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside ... :……与……并肩，扮演一个中量级拳击手……
空11
A:remembered B:reminded C:recorded D:replayed
A Lucky Break
Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when he"s ___1___sport. In the film Play It to the Bone he___2___the part of a middleweight boxer alongside1 Woody Harrelson. ___3___the making of the film Harrelson___4___complaining that the fight___5___weren"t very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn"t___6___on the idea at first, but he was___7___ persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his___8___was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas___9___hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing "silly macho games". "She was right," confesses Banderas, "and I was a fool to___10___a risk like that in the middle of a movie."
He was___11___of the time2 he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always___12___of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. "That"s when I decided to take___13___ acting; I saw it as___14___way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football___15___was, you might say, my first lucky break."
middleweight / "mɪd(ə)lweɪt / n. 中量级拳击手
注释:
1. ... plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside ... :……与……并肩，扮演一个中量级拳击手……
空11
A:remembered B:reminded C:recorded D:replayed
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