enumeration data

MM_WIM_DATA

It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them -- especially in American--the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year-- from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley——have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
"Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as ally other asset," says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. "The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders". Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP. Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Norm of New York’s Columbia Business School. "Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one." he says.
The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore -- and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged -- though not justified-- by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17^th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fall to provide adequate data security.
According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to ______.

A:see the link between trust and data protection B:perceive the sensitivity of personal data C:realize the high cost of data restoration D:appreciate the economic value of trust

It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them -- especially in American--the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year-- from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley——have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
"Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as ally other asset," says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. "The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders". Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP. Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Norm of New York’s Columbia Business School. "Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one." he says.
The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore -- and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged -- though not justified-- by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17^th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fall to provide adequate data security.

A:data leakage is more severe in Europe B:FTC’s decision is essential to data security C:California takes the lead in security legislation D:legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage

若有以下说明和定义：
union dt
int a; char b; double c; data;
以下叙述中错误的是( )。

A:data的每个成员起始地址都相同 B:变量data所占的内存字节数与成员c所占字节数相等 C:程序段：data.a=5; printf("%f",data.c)；输出结果为5.000000 D:data可以作为函数的实参

如果定义LOCAL data，data的初值是______。

A:整数 B:不定值 C:逻辑真 D:逻辑假

已知有结构体：
struct sk
int a;
float b;
data,*p;
若有p=&data，则对data的成员a的正确引用是( )。

A:(*p).data.a B:(*p).a; C:p-＞data.a D:data.a

若有以下说明和定义：
union dt
int a;char b;double c;data；以下叙述中错误的是( )。

A:data的每个成员起始地址都相同 B:变量data所占内存字节数与成员C所占字节数相等 C:程序段：data a=5；printf("%f"，datac)；输出结果为5.000000 D:data可以作为函数的实参

The fundamental problem encountered by all serial data _________ systems is how to split the incoming data stream into individual units (i.e., bits) and how to group these units into characters.

A:data B:development C:transmission D:problem