Food and Cancer
Medical expels have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence1 that vitamins could reduce a person’s chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study. They are from American National Cancer Institute2 and the Cancer Institute of the ChineseAcademyof Medical Sciences3 inBeijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the study. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study. They were from the northern central Chinese area of Linxian. Most of them took vitamins and minerals every day for five years.
Linxian was chosen because the people there have all extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus. Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate. Researchers divided those into eight groups. Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily. The amounts of the vitamins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed. The eighth group received sugar pills4 that had no effect. Those who seemed to gain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A called β–carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium. The vitamin and mineral are believed to prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances. Researchers reported a 13 percent drop in cancer rates in those who took β–carotene, vitamin E and selenium5. They also found a 10 percent drop in the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels.
Scientists warn that it is too soon to know if the effect would be the same among people in other countries. They note that the people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals. Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years. For now officials reportedly are considering using the results of the study. They want to find a way to improve the health of people in Linxian and other small towns inChina.
词汇：
esophagus /ɪ"sɒfəɡəs/ n.食道
mixture /ˈmɪkstʃə(r)/ n.混合物；合成品；混合药
fungus /"fʌŋɡəs/ n.菌类
carotene /ˈkærəti:n/ n.胡萝卜素
mold /məʊld/n.霉；霉菌
selenium /sɪˈli:niəm/ n.硒
注释：
1.the first evidence ：第一手证据
2.American National Cancer Institute：美国国家癌症研究所
3.the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences ：中国医学科学院癌症研究所
4.sugar pills ：糖丸
5. a mixture of a form of vitamin A called β–carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium: 一种叫做β–胡萝卜素的维生素A、维生素E和矿物质硒的混合物
The rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus in Linxian is the highest in China
A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
prevalence rate
incidence rate
Text 3
The divorce rate in Britain has
levelled off—to roughly one marriage in three—and shows no sign of reaching the
much higher American rate, according to the demographers(人口统计学者) assembled in
Bath last week for a conference on the family. There has been no increase in the
rate in the last three years and although many expected it to rise a few more
percentage points in the next decade, none believed it would reach the 50
percent that exists in America.
One reason for the
stabilizations of divorce is the reduction in the risk factors—fewer teenagers
marrying, fewer early births in marriage, fewer
pre-marital(婚前的)conceptions.
Another reason which was aired at
the annual conference of the British Society for Population Studies, was the
increase in cohabitation. Some speakers argued that the increase in cohabitation
has meant that marital couples are now much more familiar with each other before
marriage and therefore less likely to separate.
One out of four
couples who marry today have lived together and in the older age groups the
proportion is much higher. Some 34 percent of women aged over 25 who marry have
cohabited, and over 50 percent of women who are marrying a divorced man or who
have been divorced themselves, cohabit before marriage.
Cohabitation in Britain, however, is still considerably lower than in many
European states and was described by the demographers as "essentially a part of
contemporary courtship". Only a small proportion of people who cohabited had
children whereas in Sweden some 40 percent of births were now outside formal
marriage. The British rate was 13 percent.
Kath Kiernan of the
Centre for Population Studies noted that the present statistics suggested that
there was a marginally higher risk of separation for couples who had cohabited,
but this could possibly be explained by the fact that the statistics covered a
period when cohabiting had not become as socially acceptable as it was
today.
A third reason why the demographers thought the divorce
rate could stabilize was the economic squeeze(利润等的缩减) and the recession(暴跌),
which would mean there was less opportunity to separate because of the lack of
housing and employment. |
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A:Reasons for the Stabilization B:Cohabitation in Britain C:Divorce Rate Levels off in Britain D:Divorce Rate in Britain
Glomerular filtration rate：
With the price of oil (goes up), the economy of (oil-producing) countries is (expanding) (at a high rate).
A:goes up B:oil-producing C:expanding D:at a high rate
When determining the freight rate, the age-old principle of "what the traffic can bear" is increasingly substituted by the( )principle nowadays．
A:open market rate B:surcharges C:selwice cost D:stowage factor
class rate
When determining the freight rate, the age-old principles of “what the traffic can bear” is increasingly substituted by the ( )principle nowadays.
A:open market rate B:surcharges C:service cost D:stowage factor
2018年通信工程师考试中级《综合能力》真题
