Personal interviewing is most effective when all the people to be interviewed are located in a relatively small geographical area. Otherwise, the time and expense spent in travelling from one person to another makes this type of interviewing economically impractical. Personal inter viewing is usually used when the information needed is too complex to be gathered by another technique. For example, a problem being studied may require the interviewer to probe beyond the more superficial answers that might be obtained with another method.
It is sometimes assumed that personal interviewing is the most accurate of all survey re search techniques. Although personal interviewing may be accurate in many cases, human errors may prevent a researcher from obtaining valid results. Questions perceived by the interview wee as an invasion of privacy or threatening in any way will probably produce false of partially true answers. Also, since the interviewer must interpret the respondent’s statements, a certain amount of information loss results even though the respondent may be answering truthfully.
In spite of the problems, at least two major advantages are provided by this research technique. First, the alert interviewer can generally tell if the respondent is being truthful of if he or she is giving superficial or untrue responses. Second, the interviewer can rephrase questions, give more explanation, or probe more deeply if the initial questions do not produce the information desired. As a result, the information gleaned should be more accurate than that provided by interviews where no one is present to clarify questions or to interpret answers.

In the first sentence of the last paragraph, the pronoun "this" refers to（）

A:survey B:question C:answering D:personal interviewing

? ?Chinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year, according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.
? ?The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily and Genron NPO (非营利性的组织), a Japanese think tank similar to the American Council on Foreign Relations. It also found overwhelming; agreement in both countries that Sino-Japanese relations were important.
? ?The survey is a pan of the Beijing-Tokyo Forum, an annual gathering of senior government officials and representatives from Chinese and Japanese NGOs (非政府组织) designed to improve communication and understanding between the two countries.
? ?Conducted every year for five years now, the survey focused on two different groups of people: ordinary citizens, and intellectuals. In China, the intellectual group was comprised mainly of university students from well-known schools like Peking University. In Japan, the "intellectual" group was mainly made up of previous members of Genron NPO.
? ?Among ordinary Chinese polled, 35.7 percent said they have "very good" or "relatively good" impressions of Japan, a 5.5-percentage-point increase compared with last year. 45.2 percent of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan, two percentage points more than last year. Only 26.6 percent of Japanese have a positive impression of China, however.
? ?Still, an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country said Sino-Japanese relations were "important" and wanted their leaders to deepen talks and cooperation with each other.
? ?But 51.9 percent of ordinary people and 42.4 percent of students in China said they saw no change in relations between the two countries over the last year. In Japan, 64.8 percent of those ordinary people and 53.4 percent of intellectuals surveyed shared the view that there was no improvement in bilateral ties this year.
? ?Historical issues and territorial disputes remain two major obstacles to improving bilateral relations, the survey found. What concerns the Chinese most are historical issues, visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine (靖国神社), and the Nanjing Massacre (大屠杀).
? ?Perceptions on economic and trade relations have improved, though. About 47 percent of ordinary Japanese said China had been "helpful" this year in fighting the global economic crisis, compared with just 30 percent last year. The percent of Japanese intellectuals who said Chinese economic growth was good for Japan increased from 65.8 percent to 81.4 percent this year.
? ?Cooperation in East Asian issues, trade and investment, energy, and the environment and climate change top the list of common concerns that people in China and Japan want their leaders to talk about in bilateral (双边的) meetings, the survey found.
? ?Civil exchanges were regarded by the most people from the both countries as an important way to improve relations. 90.7 percent of the students and 85.7 percent of the ordinary people in China and 95.8% of intellectuals and 74.8% of the ordinary people in Japan viewed civil exchanges as "important" or "relatively important".
? ?Chinese and Japanese both learn about each other’s countries mostly through television news and newspapers, the survey found.

Which of the following statements about the survey is true?

A:The survey was conducted on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing. B:The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily, Genron NPO and the American Council on Foreign Relations. C:The survey found that people in both China and Japan generally agree that the relationship between the two countries is important. D:The survey mainly focused on two different groups of people: ordinary citizens, and the university students.

You must be familiar with the situation: Dad’s driving, Mum’s telling him where to go. He’s sure that they need to turn left. But she says it’s not for another two blocks. Who has the better sense of direction Men or women.
They both do, a new study says, but in different ways.
Men and women, Canadian researchers have found, have different methods of finding their way. Men look quickly at landmarks (地标) and head off in what they think is the right direction. Women, however, try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head.
"Women tend to be more detailed," said Edward Cornell, who led the study, "while men tend to be a little bit faster and... a little bit more intuitive (直觉感知的). "
In fact, said Cornell, "sense of direction" isn’t one skill but two.
The first is the "survey method". This is when you see an area from above, such as a printed map. You can see, for example, where the hospital is, where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right.
The second skill is the "route method". This is when you use a series of directions. You start from the hospital, then turn left, turn right, go uphill-and then you see the supermarket.
Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions.
Both work, and neither is better.
Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history. They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles.
In ancient times, young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt. The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places. The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks-the mountains, the lakes and so on.
The women, on the other hand, took young girls out to find fruits and plants. These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths. So, women’s sense of space was based on learning certain routes.
Which works better, the route method or the survey method

A:The survey method. B:The route method. C:Either. D:Neither.

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}

Which works better, the route method or the survey method?

A:The survey method B:The route method C:Either D:Neither

第二篇 　　Sino-Japan Animosity Lessens 　　Chinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year, according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing. 　　The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily and Genron NPO, a Japanese think tank similar to the American Council on Foreign Relations. It also found overwhelming agreement in both countries that Sino-Japanese relations were important. 　　The survey is a part of the Beijing-Tokyo Forum, an annual gathering of senior government officials and representatives from Chinese and Japanese NGOs designed to improve communication and understanding between the two countries. 　　Conducted every year for five years now, the survey focused on two different groups of people: ordinary citizens, and intellectuals. In China, the intellectual group was comprised mainly of university students from well-known schools like Peking University. In Japan, the "intellectual" group was mainly made up of previous members of Genron NPO. 　　Among ordinary Chinese polled, 35.7 percent said they have "very good" or "relatively good" impressions of Japan, a 5.5-percentage-point increase compared with last year. 45.2 percent of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan, two percentage points more than last year. Only 26.6 percent of Japanese have a positive impression of China, however. 　　Still, an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country said Sino-Japanese relations were "important" and wanted their leaders to deepen talks and cooperation with each other. 　　But 51.9 percent of ordinary people and 42.4 percent of students in China said they saw no change in relations between the two countries over the last year. In Japan, 64.8 percent of those ordinary people and 53.4 percent of intellectuals surveyed shared the view that there was no improvement in bilateral ties this year. 　　Historical issues and territorial disputes remain two major obstacles to improving bilateral relations, the survey found. What concerns the Chinese most are historical issues, visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine, and the Nanjing Massacre. 　　Perceptions on economic and trade relations have improved, though. About 47 percent of ordinary Japanese said China had been "helpful" this year in fighting the global economic crisis, compared with just 30 percent last year. The percent of Japanese intellectuals who said Chinese economic growth was good for Japan increased from 65.8 percent to 81.4 percent this year. 　　Cooperation in East Asian issues, trade and investment, energy, and the environment and climate change top the list of common concerns that people in China and Japan want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings, the survey found. 　　Civil exchanges were regarded by the most people from the both countries as an important way to improve relations. 90.7 percent of the students and 85.7 percent of the ordinary people in China and 95.8% of intellectuals and 74.8% of the ordinary people in Japan viewed civil exchanges as "important" or "relatively important". 　　Chinese and Japanese both learn about each other’s countries mostly through television news and newspapers, the survey found.

A:The survey was conducted on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing. B:The survey is jointly sponsored by y China Daily, Genron NPO and the American Council on Foreign Relations. C:The survey found that people in both China and Japan generally agree that the relationship between the two countries is important. D:The survey mainly focused on two different groups of people: ordinary citizens, and the university students.

{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}

Which works better, the route method or the survey method?

A:The survey method. B:The route method. C:Either. D:Neither.

{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}

Which works better, the route method or the survey method?

A:The survey method. B:The route method. C:Either. D:Neither.

第一篇 Two People，Two Paths You must be familiar with the situation：Dad’s driving，Mum’s telling him where to go．He’s sure that they need to turn 1eft．But she says it’s not for another two blocks．Who has the better sense of direction?Men or women? They both do,a new study says．but in different ways． Men and women．Canadian researchers have found，have different methods of finding their way．Men look quickly at landmarks f地标)and head off in what they think is the right direction Women．however．try to picture the whole route in detail and then f01low the path in their head， “Women tend to be more detailed．”said Edward Cornell，who led the study。“while men tend to be a little bit faster and…a little bit more intuitive(直觉感知的)” In fact．said Cornell．“sense of direction”isn’t one skill but two．The first is the“survey method，’．This is when you see an area from above，such as a printed map You can see．for example，where the hospital is，where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right The second skill is the“route method”This is when you use a series of directions．Yon start from the hospital．then turn 1eft．turn right，go uphill—and then you see the supermarket． Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions Both work．and neither is better Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history．They argue it is becauseof the difference in traditional roles． In ancient times．young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places．The only way to know where you were was touse the survey method to remember landmarks—the mountains．the 1akes and so on． The women，on the other hand，took young girls out to find fruits and plants．These activities were much closer to home but required learning well—used paths．So，women’s sense of space was based on learning certain routes Which works better．the route method or the survey method?

A:The survey method B:111e route method． C:Either． D:Neither

第三篇 Two People，Two Paths You must be familiar with the situation：Dad’s driving，Mum’s telling him where to go．He’s sure that they need to turn left But she says it’s not for another two blocks．Who has the better sense of direction? Men or women. They both do, a new study says．but in different ways． Men and women．Canadian researchers have found，have different methods of finding theirway．Men look quickly at landmarks(地标)and head off in what they think is the right direction．Women, however, try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head． “women tend to be more detailed,”said Edward Cornell．who led the study,“while men tend to be a little bit faster and …a little bit more intuitive(直觉感知的)．” In fact, said Cornell,“sense of direction”isn’t one skill but two． The first is the“survey method”.This is when you see all area from above, such as a printed map．Y0u can see，for example，where the hospital is，where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right． The second skill is the“route method”This is when you use a series of directions．You start from the hospital，then turn left，turn fight，go uphill——and then you see the supermarket． Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions． Both work, and neither is better． Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history. They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles. In ancient times，young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt．The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places．The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks—the mountains, the lakes and so on． The women，on the other hand，took young girls out to find fruits and plants．These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths．So, women’s sense of space was based on learning certain routes． Which works better，the route method or the survey method?

A:The survey method． B:The route method． C:Either． D:Neither．