Privacy Worry May Keep HIV2¹ Patients from Therapy

    Patients infected with HIV are often concerned about² the confidentiality of their HIV-positive status. In fact, some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information, according to a report published in the August issue of AIDS Care.

    Dr. Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein and colleagues from DukeUniversity,Durham, North Carolina³, studied the confidentiality issues of 15 HIV-infected patients from ruralNorth Carolinalocations. They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward, and experiences with, breaches in confidentiality.

    “The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV-infected patients receive,”  Whetten-Goldstein said. “Most studied patients had experienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality.”

    “Two types of breaches occurred, ”Whetten-Goldstein noted. “The first was a more obvious type of breach. One example was a nurse who told her child that her patient was HIV-positive out of concern that her child would play with the patient’s child.⁴”

     “The other type of breach was more subtle, one that providers might not consider breaches, ⁵” Whetten-Goldstein explained. “This type of breach involves providers talking about a patient’s HIV status without the patient’s knowledge of the interaction.”

    “The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution, but patient’s consent must be obtained before providers at different institutions can share information,” she pointed out.

    “Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are going to share information with other providers and why it is being done,” Whetten-Goldstein said. “They also felt that providers should be punished when a breach occurs.”

    “However, because patients are often reluctant to seek legal action which may further expose their status, they felt that the system should regulate itself,” she added.

词汇：

privacy /ˈpraɪvəsi,ˈprɪvəsi/ n.隐私,秘密
breach /bri:tʃ/n.破坏,违反
therapy /"θerəpɪ/ n.疗法,治疗
consent /kən"sent/ n.答应,允许
confidentiality /ˌkɒnfɪˌdenʃiˈæləti/ n.保密性
regulate /"reɡjʊleɪt/ vt.调整

注释：

1.HIV (human immunodeficiency virus):人类免疫缺陷病毒
2.be concerned about:为……而担心（忧虑、烦恼）
3. North Carolina：(美国）北卡罗来纳州
4.One example was... with the patient’s child.例子之一就是某个护士由于担心自己的孩子会与病人的孩子一起玩,所以就告诉自己的孩子,这个病人是HIV阳性的病人。本句中who 至the patient’s child 是nurse 的定语从句,其中that her patient was HIV-positive又是told的宾语从句；out of concern (出于担心）是介词短语,作told的状语；而that her child would play with the patient’s child 则是concern的同位语从句。
5.one that providers might not consider breaches：即医生可能不认为是泄露个人机密的一类。one是代词,代替type,作the other type的同位语，that至breaches是one的定语从句，that在定语从句中作consider的宾语，breaches是宾语补足语。而provider则是指美国经保险公司认可为投保人看病的医生。

Worry about breaches in confidentiality of the HIV status has nothing to do with the curative effects on patients

A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

Privacy Worry May Keep HIV2¹ Patients from Therapy

    Patients infected with HIV are often concerned about² the confidentiality of their HIV-positive status. In fact, some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information, according to a report published in the August issue of AIDS Care.

    Dr. Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein and colleagues from DukeUniversity,Durham, North Carolina³, studied the confidentiality issues of 15 HIV-infected patients from ruralNorth Carolinalocations. They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward, and experiences with, breaches in confidentiality.

    “The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV-infected patients receive,”  Whetten-Goldstein said. “Most studied patients had experienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality.”

    “Two types of breaches occurred, ”Whetten-Goldstein noted. “The first was a more obvious type of breach. One example was a nurse who told her child that her patient was HIV-positive out of concern that her child would play with the patient’s child.⁴”

     “The other type of breach was more subtle, one that providers might not consider breaches, ⁵” Whetten-Goldstein explained. “This type of breach involves providers talking about a patient’s HIV status without the patient’s knowledge of the interaction.”

    “The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution, but patient’s consent must be obtained before providers at different institutions can share information,” she pointed out.

    “Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are going to share information with other providers and why it is being done,” Whetten-Goldstein said. “They also felt that providers should be punished when a breach occurs.”

    “However, because patients are often reluctant to seek legal action which may further expose their status, they felt that the system should regulate itself,” she added.

词汇：

privacy /ˈpraɪvəsi,ˈprɪvəsi/ n.隐私,秘密
breach /bri:tʃ/n.破坏,违反
therapy /"θerəpɪ/ n.疗法,治疗
consent /kən"sent/ n.答应,允许
confidentiality /ˌkɒnfɪˌdenʃiˈæləti/ n.保密性
regulate /"reɡjʊleɪt/ vt.调整

注释：

1.HIV (human immunodeficiency virus):人类免疫缺陷病毒
2.be concerned about:为……而担心（忧虑、烦恼）
3. North Carolina：(美国）北卡罗来纳州
4.One example was... with the patient’s child.例子之一就是某个护士由于担心自己的孩子会与病人的孩子一起玩,所以就告诉自己的孩子,这个病人是HIV阳性的病人。本句中who 至the patient’s child 是nurse 的定语从句,其中that her patient was HIV-positive又是told的宾语从句；out of concern (出于担心）是介词短语,作told的状语；而that her child would play with the patient’s child 则是concern的同位语从句。
5.one that providers might not consider breaches：即医生可能不认为是泄露个人机密的一类。one是代词,代替type,作the other type的同位语，that至breaches是one的定语从句，that在定语从句中作consider的宾语，breaches是宾语补足语。而provider则是指美国经保险公司认可为投保人看病的医生。

All patients in the study refuse to receive any treatment because of the possibility to expose their HIV status

A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

患者女，57岁。胆总管结石。入院行胆总管切开探查，T型管引流术。

术后针对T型管引流的护理措施，不妥的是

A:记录引流胆汁的量、色及性状 B:每日用生理盐水冲洗T型管 C:一般留置2周 D:拔管前经T管胆道造影 E:拔管前夹管观察1~2天

X2AP的Resource Status Reporting Initiation过程通过那条消息发起（）

A:RESOURCE STATUS UPDATE B:RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST C:RESOURCE STATUS RESPONSE D:ENB CONFIGURATION UPDATE

OSN9500设备，关于BD_STATUS告警参数的说法中，正确的是（）。

A:BD_STATUS告警参数，1为在位、2为通信、3为在位和通信故障 B:BD_STATUS告警参数，0为通信、1为在位、2为在位和通信故障 C:BD_STATUS告警参数，0为在位、1为通信、2为在位和通信故障 D:BD_STATUS告警参数，1为通信、2为在位、3为在位和通信故障

关于STATUS页面，以下错误的是：（）

A:只要状态页面有信息，在E/WD上的“STS”（状态提示）就会闪亮 B:如果除了“CANCELLED CAUTION”（取消的注意）或MAINTENANCE（维护）部分之外，没有其他的信息，在E/WD上就不会显示“STS”（状态提示） C:STATUS页面会在机组清楚了当前失效的所有相关页面后自动出现，在下降过程中放出缝翼时也会自动出现。

Rigoberto Padilla, 21, came to the USA from Mexico when he was 6. He went to school in Chicago, joined the honor society and dreamed of becoming a lawyer-all while living here illegally. Padilla’s status wasn’t a problem until he applied for college and couldn’t qualify for financial aid without a Social Security number, he says.
In January, the University of Illinois-Chicago junior was charged with drunken driving. He pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor (轻罪), paid a fine and got court supervision, but that brought him to the attention of immigration officials and triggered deportation proceedings. "It was one mistake in my life," he says.
Padilla’s impending deportation, catapulted (猛投) him into a campaign to stop the deportation of college students and recent graduates. Lawmakers, students, members of the clergy and other acti-vists hope to buy the students time and use their stories to push for laws that would allow them, and perhaps millions of other illegal immigrants, to earn legal status, says Joshua Hoyt of the Illinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agreed last week to delay Padilla’s deportation for a year, making him one of at least seven young illegal immigrants who have had their deportations delayed since June, according to Dream Activist, one of the groups spearheading the campaign. Family ties and community standing are among the factors ICE considers when asked to delay a deportation, says ICE spokesman Richard Rocha.
"I want to graduate college and give back to this country," Padilla says. His supporters flooded the Department of Homeland Security with thousands of faxes and designed a Facebook page telling 2 800 members how to help. The Chicago City Council passed a resolution in his behalf, and Rep. Jan Schakowsky, D-Ill. , introduced a bill specifically for him that would allow him to stay. "Why would we deprive ourselves of outstanding students and future leaders" she asks. "They had no part in the decision to come here. "
There are 12 million illegal immigrants in the USA. Activists call for an overhaul of immigration law that would offer them a way to earn legal status. Rep. Luis Gutierrez, Dill. , introduced a bill Tuesday that would give illegal immigrants who pay fines, pass background checks and meet other requirements a path toward legal residency. College students who are illegal immigrants fail under a separate proposal called the Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act--the DREAM Act. Requirements would include arrival in the USA at 15 or younger, a five-year residency or more, and at least two years of college or military service. Versions of the act have been introduced since 2001 without success.
What can we conclude from the text

A:If a student in the US is charged with drunken driving, he will not qualify for financial aid. B:There isn’t a law to offer the illegal immigrants earn legal status. C:Padilla is not a real illegal immigrant. D:Not all the illegal immigrants in the US will be deported eventually.

Marriage, and its many ups and downs, still exercises a powerful hold over newspapers, magazines and the airwaves. Nearly 23m Americans watched Prince William being joined in holy marriage to Kate Middleton. Millions more have indulged in the break-up of Arnold Schwarzenegger’s marriage after revelations that he fathered a son with a maid.
Less delightful are revelations about the sorry state of marriage across the United States. Data from the Census Bureau show that married couples, for the first time, now make up less than half of all households.
The iconic American family, with mom, dad and kids under one roof, is fading. In every state the numbers of unmarried couples, childless households and single-person households are growing faster than those comprised of married people with children, finds the 2010 census. And the trend has a potent class dimension. Traditional marriage has evolved from a near-universal ritual to a luxury for the educated and affluent.
There barely was a marriage gap in 1960: only four percentage points separated the wedded ways of college and high-school graduates(76％ versus 72％). The gap has since widened to 16 percentage points, according to the Pew Research Centre.
"Marriage has become much more selective, and that’s why the divorce rate has come down," said Bradford Wilcox, director of the National Marriage Project at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The project found that divorce rates for couples with college degrees are only a third as high as for those with a high-school degree.
Americans with a high-school degree or less tell researchers they would like to marry, but do not believe they can afford it. Instead, they raise children out of wedlock. Only 6％ of children born to college-educated mothers were born outside marriage, according to the National Marriage Project. That compares with 44％ of babies born to mothers whose education ended with high school.
"Less marriage means less income and more poverty," reckons Isabel Sawhill, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. She and other researchers have linked as much as half of the income inequality in America to changes in family composition: single-parent families (mostly those with a high-school degree or less) are getting poorer while married couples (with educations and dual incomes) are increasingly well-off. "This is a striking gap that is not well understood by the public," she says.
Do not expect the Democratic Party, however, to make an issue of the marriage gap in next year’s elections. Unmarried women voted overwhelmingly for Barack Obama. "You don’t want to suggest to someone who isn’t married and has children that they should be married," says Ms Sawhill. "That is a scorn on their lifestyle./
According to the text, Isabel Sawhill suggests that______.

A:Americans’ marital status affects their social status B:Americans should take others’ advice on marriage C:people have no inclination to change others’ lifestyle D:the impact of marriage on finance hasn’t been realized

Marriage, and its many ups and downs, still exercises a powerful hold over newspapers, magazines and the airwaves. Nearly 23m Americans watched Prince William being joined in holy marriage to Kate Middleton. Millions more have indulged in the break-up of Arnold Schwarzenegger’s marriage after revelations that he fathered a son with a maid.
Less delightful are revelations about the sorry state of marriage across the United States. Data from the Census Bureau show that married couples, for the first time, now make up less than half of all households.
The iconic American family, with mom, dad and kids under one roof, is fading. In every state the numbers of unmarried couples, childless households and single-person households are growing faster than those comprised of married people with children, finds the 2010 census. And the trend has a potent class dimension. Traditional marriage has evolved from a near-universal ritual to a luxury for the educated and affluent.
There barely was a marriage gap in 1960: only four percentage points separated the wedded ways of college and high-school graduates(76％ versus 72％). The gap has since widened to 16 percentage points, according to the Pew Research Centre.
"Marriage has become much more selective, and that’s why the divorce rate has come down," said Bradford Wilcox, director of the National Marriage Project at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The project found that divorce rates for couples with college degrees are only a third as high as for those with a high-school degree.
Americans with a high-school degree or less tell researchers they would like to marry, but do not believe they can afford it. Instead, they raise children out of wedlock. Only 6％ of children born to college-educated mothers were born outside marriage, according to the National Marriage Project. That compares with 44％ of babies born to mothers whose education ended with high school.
"Less marriage means less income and more poverty," reckons Isabel Sawhill, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. She and other researchers have linked as much as half of the income inequality in America to changes in family composition: single-parent families (mostly those with a high-school degree or less) are getting poorer while married couples (with educations and dual incomes) are increasingly well-off. "This is a striking gap that is not well understood by the public," she says.
Do not expect the Democratic Party, however, to make an issue of the marriage gap in next year’s elections. Unmarried women voted overwhelmingly for Barack Obama. "You don’t want to suggest to someone who isn’t married and has children that they should be married," says Ms Sawhill. "That is a scorn on their lifestyle.

A:Americans’ marital status affects their social status B:Americans should take others’ advice on marriage C:people have no inclination to change others’ lifestyle D:the impact of marriage on finance hasn’t been realized