Privacy Worry May Keep HIV2¹ Patients from Therapy

    Patients infected with HIV are often concerned about² the confidentiality of their HIV-positive status. In fact, some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information, according to a report published in the August issue of AIDS Care.

    Dr. Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein and colleagues from DukeUniversity,Durham, North Carolina³, studied the confidentiality issues of 15 HIV-infected patients from ruralNorth Carolinalocations. They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward, and experiences with, breaches in confidentiality.

    “The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV-infected patients receive,”  Whetten-Goldstein said. “Most studied patients had experienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality.”

    “Two types of breaches occurred, ”Whetten-Goldstein noted. “The first was a more obvious type of breach. One example was a nurse who told her child that her patient was HIV-positive out of concern that her child would play with the patient’s child.⁴”

     “The other type of breach was more subtle, one that providers might not consider breaches, ⁵” Whetten-Goldstein explained. “This type of breach involves providers talking about a patient’s HIV status without the patient’s knowledge of the interaction.”

    “The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution, but patient’s consent must be obtained before providers at different institutions can share information,” she pointed out.

    “Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are going to share information with other providers and why it is being done,” Whetten-Goldstein said. “They also felt that providers should be punished when a breach occurs.”

    “However, because patients are often reluctant to seek legal action which may further expose their status, they felt that the system should regulate itself,” she added.

词汇：

privacy /ˈpraɪvəsi,ˈprɪvəsi/ n.隐私,秘密
breach /bri:tʃ/n.破坏,违反
therapy /"θerəpɪ/ n.疗法,治疗
consent /kən"sent/ n.答应,允许
confidentiality /ˌkɒnfɪˌdenʃiˈæləti/ n.保密性
regulate /"reɡjʊleɪt/ vt.调整

注释：

1.HIV (human immunodeficiency virus):人类免疫缺陷病毒
2.be concerned about:为……而担心（忧虑、烦恼）
3. North Carolina：(美国）北卡罗来纳州
4.One example was... with the patient’s child.例子之一就是某个护士由于担心自己的孩子会与病人的孩子一起玩,所以就告诉自己的孩子,这个病人是HIV阳性的病人。本句中who 至the patient’s child 是nurse 的定语从句,其中that her patient was HIV-positive又是told的宾语从句；out of concern (出于担心）是介词短语,作told的状语；而that her child would play with the patient’s child 则是concern的同位语从句。
5.one that providers might not consider breaches：即医生可能不认为是泄露个人机密的一类。one是代词,代替type,作the other type的同位语，that至breaches是one的定语从句，that在定语从句中作consider的宾语，breaches是宾语补足语。而provider则是指美国经保险公司认可为投保人看病的医生。

Worry about breaches in confidentiality of the HIV status has nothing to do with the curative effects on patients

A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body’s system for reacting to things that can harm us—the so-called fight-or-flight response. "An animal that can’t detect danger can’t stay alive," says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for processing information about potential threats. At its core is a cluster of neurons deep in the brain known as the amygdala.
LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories. Using this information, the amygdala appraises a situation—I think this charging dog wants to bite me—and triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body. These signals produce the familiar signs of distress: trembling, perspiration and fast-moving feet, just to name three.
This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals, but no one can say for sure whether beasts other than humans know they’re afraid. That is, as LeDoux says, "if you put that system into a brain that has consciousness, then you get the feeling of fear."
Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and to anticipate future events. Combine these higher thought processes with our hardwired danger detection systems, and you get a near-universal human phenomenon: worry.
That’s not necessarily a bad thing, says Hallowell. "When used properly, worry is an incredible device," he says. After all, a little healthy worrying is okay if it leads to constructive action—like having a doctor look at that weird spot on your back.
Hallowell insists, though, that there’s a right way to worry. "Never do it alone, get the facts and then make a plan." He says. Most of us have survived a recession, so we’re familiar with the belt-tightening strategies needed to survive a slump.
Unfortunately, few of us have much experience dealing with the threat of terrorism, so it’s been difficult to get fact about how we should respond. That’s why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to indulge some extreme worries last fall by asking doctors for Cipro and buying gas masks.
From the passage we know that

A:a little worry will do us good if handled properly. B:a little worry will enable us to survive a recession. C:fear strengthens the human desire to survive danger. D:fear helps people to anticipate certain future events.

Nurses worry the devices will be used to ______.

A:tape conversations B:monitor break time C:make them work harder D:listen to conversations and watch what they do

A measure declaring English the national language is under intense debate in the United States. The US Senate passed two declarations last week. One calls English the nation’s official language and the other says it is the "common and unifying (统一的)" tongue. But Americans found themselves divided on the issue.
Since people worldwide know that most Americans speak only English, many can’t understand why the issue is so controversial (有争议的).
"The discussion is related to fears of immigration issues," says Dick Tucker, a social scientist at Pittsburgh’s Carnegie Mellon University. " It’s related to a worry about the changing demography (人口统计) of the US. It’s a worry about who will continue to have political and economic influence. "
In fact, the notion of protecting the language has been kicked around almost since the nation’s founding. John Adams lobbied (游说) in 1780 for the creation of a national academy to correct and improve the English language. But his proposal died, since lawmakers saw it as a royalist (保皇主义者) attempt to define personal behavior.
Since then, the country hasn’t had a national language, but the idea of recognizing the special status of English lived on.
The emotions surrounding language resurface (再次浮现) not because people feel comfortable with English. It is more about the discomfort many Americans feel with the new languages, says Walt Wolfram, a professor at North Carolina State University.
"Language is never about language," he says.
According to the 2000 US Census Bureau report, of 209 million Americans over 18 years old, 172 million speak only English at home. About 37 million speak languages other than English. Among them, 6. 5 million speak poor English and 3. 1 million don’t speak English at all.
Which of the following is the current debate NOT related to

A:The immigration issues. B:The changing demography. C:The worry about the new languages. D:The US’s military strength.

{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}

Which of the following is NOT related to the current debate?

A:The immigration issues. B:The changing demography. C:The worry about the new languages. D:The US’s military strength.

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}

Which of the following is the current debate NOT related to?

A:The immigration issues B:The changing demography C:The worry about the new languages D:The US’s military strength

第三篇 A Debate on the English Language A measure declaring English the national language is under intense debate in the United States.The US Senate passed two declarations last week.One calls English the nation’s official language and the other says it is the “common and unifying(统一的)”tongue.But Americans found themselves divided on the issue. Since people worldwide know that most Americans speak only English,many can’t understand why the issue is so controversial(有争议的). “The discussion is related to fears of immigration issues,”says Dick Tucker,a social scientist at Pittsburgh’s Carnegie Mellon University.“It’s related to a worry about the changing demography(人口统计)of the US.It’s a worry about who will continue to have political and economic influence.” In fact,the notion of protecting the language has been kicked around almost since the nation’s founding.John Adams lobbied(游说)in 1780 for the creation of a national academy to correct and improve the English language.But his proposal died,since lawmakers saw it as a royalist(保皇主义者)attempt to define personal behavior. Since then,the country hasn’t had a national language,but the idea of recognizing the special status of English lived on. The emotions surrounding language resurface(再次浮现)not because people feel comfortable with English.It is more about the discomfort many Americans feel with the new languages,says Walt Wolfram,a professor at North Carolina State University. “Language is never about language,”he says. According to the 2000 US Census Bureau report,of 209 million Americans over 18 years old,172 million speak only English at home.About 37 million speak languages other than English.Among them,6.5 million speak poor English and 3.1 million don’t speak English at all. Which of the following is the current debate NOT related to?

A:.The immigration issues. B:The changing demography. C:The worry about the new languages. D:The US’s military strength.

第一篇 A Debate on the English Language A measure declaring English the national language is under intense debate in the United States.The US Senate passed two declarations last week.One calls English the nation’s official language and the other says it is the “common and unifying(统一的)”tongue.But Americans found themselves divided on the issue. Since people worldwide know that most Americans speak only English,many can’t understand why the issue is so controversial(有争议的). “The discussion is related to fears of immigration issues,”says Dick Tucker,a social scientist at Pittsburgh’s Carnegie Mellon University.“It’s related to a worry about the changing demography(人口统计)of the US.It’s a worry about who will continue to have political and economic influence.” In fact,the notion of protecting the language has been kicked around almost since the nation’s founding.John Adams lobbied(游说)in 1780 for the creation of a national academy to correct and improve the English language.But his proposal died,since lawmakers saw it as a royalist(保皇主义者)attempt to define personal behavior. Since then,the country hasn’t had a national language,but the idea of recognizing the special status of English lived on. The emotions surrounding language resurface(再次浮现)not because people feel comfortable with English.It is more about the discomfort many Americans feel with the new languages,says Walt Wolfram,a professor at North Carolina State University. “Language is never about language,”he says. According to the 2000 US Census Bureau report,of 209 million Americans over 18 years old,172 million speak only English at home.About 37 million speak languages other than English.Among them,6.5 million speak poor English and 3.1 million don’t speak English at all. Which of the following is the current debate NOT related to?

A:The immigration issues. B:The changing demography. C:The worry about the new languages. D:The US’s military strength.