Logistics System A logistics system consists of different functions and activities,such as the following: 1.Customer service is a core function in the logistics process.Each business entity should have a customer service department to handle complaints,special orders,loss and damage claims,returns,bills problem,and etc．This function becomes crucial because any dissatisfaction can lead to failure to retain customers. 2.Inventory management is to maintain the stock of raw materials and half-finished products.In order to satisfy the customers＇demand and minimize costs,a company should establish an optimal level of inventory to meet the market demand that exceeds our expecta-tions,and at the same time,minimize your inventory holding costs and inventory write-down costs. 3.Transportation has taken a great role in many logistics systems for two reasons.First of all,globalization and importing-exporting activities make most products necessary to be transferred from one country to another.Secondly,information revolution has propelled the manufacturing process and consumer behaviors to be changed drastically.Traditional trans-portation methods need to be upgraded to accommodate modern transportation demand,therefore,containerization and usage of information sharing system emerge. 4.Storage is needed to manage the materials and store ready-for-market products in warehouses.There is new technology applied in the storage,for example,automatic ware-house.Old-fashioned warehouse has become the distribution center where container trucks deliver and pick up the goods. 5.Information system links all logistics processes and integrates all information to en-sure all the handling of large quantity of goods are delivered in an efficient,cost-effective and accurate manner. Questions:

Why does information system contribute to an efficient logistics system?( )

A:To link and integrate all logistics functions. B:To gather new information. C:To eliminate wrong data. D:To make all data public for future use.

Making Light of¹ Sleep

　 All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock， your internal clock² runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control when you wake，when you eat and when you sleep.
　　Somewhere around puberty，something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it"s time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up³ for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.
　　This shift⁴ is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body"s clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark⁵. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud⁶ when they don"t get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI⁷ .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.
　　But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.
　　Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body"s clock⁸ were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.
　　But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it"s day or night.

 

词汇：

circadian/ sɜ:ˈkeɪdiən/ adj.  昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的

adolescent/ ˌædəˈlesnt/ n．青少年；adj．青少年的

puberty/ "pjʊ:bəti/ n．发育；青春期 

sync/siŋk/ n. （口语）同步；和谐，协调

synchronize/"siŋkrənaiz / V.（使）同时发生；（使）同步

 

注释：　　

1.make light of ：轻视，不在乎。例如： We should not make light of their achievements．我们不应当低估他们的成就。
2. your internal clock ：指的是第一句中的a clock located inside our brains ，也即是第二段第一句中的the biological clock （生物钟）。
3. stay up：不睡觉，熬夜
4. This shift：这种调整。指上文所描述的由于生理时间的变化青少年上床时间越来越晚的现象。
5. get your body"s clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark ：打乱了你的生物钟与昼夜时间循环之间的平衡
6. gray cloud ：提不起精神的状态
7. Brown University in Providence， RI：位于美国罗得岛州普罗维登斯的布朗大学。RI是Rhode Island（罗得岛）的首字母缩写；Providence 是罗得岛州的首府。布朗大学是美国一流大学，创建于1764 年，是世界闻名的美国“常春藤联盟”（还包括哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、普林斯顿大学、布朗大学、哥伦比亚大学、宾夕法尼亚大学、达特茅斯大学和康奈尔大学）中的一员。
8. the signals that synchronize the body"s clock：平衡生物钟的光信号

According to the last two paragraphs， what did the previous researchers think about the human eye"s light-sensing system?

A:The human eye had two light-sensing systems. B:The human eye had one light-sensing system. C:The human eye could sense the light of day more quickly than the dark of night. D:The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks.

In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be "quite friendly with each other without a formal authority"!
Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by life long familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indian’s rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.
It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under one authority or another for as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.
Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system. In modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.

After reading the passage, you may conclude that（）

A:the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns B:the Indians were too simple to some small towns C:our social system is much better than that existing Indian society D:the Indian social system would be very difficult for our society

In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be "quite friendly with each other without a formal authority"!
Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by life long familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indian’s rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.
It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under one authority or another for as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.
Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system. In modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.
After reading the passage, you may conclude that ______ .

A:the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns B:the Indians were too simple to some small towns C:our social system is much better than that existing Indian society D:the Indian social system would be very difficult for our society

Passage 5
In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be "quite friendly with each other without a formal authority!"
Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by life long familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indian’ s rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would a- rouse others to action by examples.
It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under 6ne authority or another for as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the recognized fight under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.
Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system. In modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.

After reading the passage, you may conclude that （）

A:the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns B:the Indians were too simple to some small towns C:our social system is much better than that existing Indian society D:the Indian social system would be very difficult for our society

Passage Four

After reading the passage, you may conclude that ______ .

A:the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns B:the Indians were too simple to some small towns C:our social system is much better than that existing Indian society D:the Indian social system would be very difficult for our society

? ?下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}

After reading the passage, you may conclude that ______.

A:the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns B:the Indians are too simple-minded to live in a modern society C:our system is much better than the Indians’ D:the Indian social system would be very difficult to implement in our society

? ?下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}

After reading the passage, you may conclude that

A:the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns. B:the Indians tended to follow orders. C:our system is much better than the Indians’. D:the Indian system would be very difficult to implement in our society.

第一篇 A Society Without a Formal Authority In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes (部落) were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be "quite friendly with each other without a formal authority!" Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong (一生的) familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians’ rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale. Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system, in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives. After reading the passage, you may conclude that

A:the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns. B:the Indians tended to follow orders. C:our system is much better than the Indians’. D:the Indian system would be very difficult to implement in our society