E Women are friendly. But men are more competitive, Why Researchers have found it’s all down to the hormone oxytocin(荷尔蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently. “Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others, But men tend to be competitive, They are trying to improve their social status,” said Professor Ryan. Generally, people believe that the hormone exytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interaction（互动）such as falling in love or giving birth. But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy. Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship. Professor Ryan’s recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. Half of the participants（参与者）received oxytocin. The other half received placebo（安慰剂）. After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went through the same procedure with the other material. Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions. The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, men’s ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better. Professor Ryan thus concluded: “ Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people’s abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factor（因素）that are mainly hormonal.” The author develops the text by _______.

A:explaining people’s behavior B:describing his own experiences C:distinguishing sexual differences D:discussing research experiments

Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters, cell biologists have Cell, neuroscientists have Neuron, and so forth. Science and Nature, (1) , are the only two major journals that (2) the complete range of scientific (3) . As a result, journalists look (4) them each week for the (5) of new science papers. And scientists look to the journals (6) to reach journalists. Why do they care Competition for (7) has gotten so fierce that scientists have sought popular (8) to gain an advantage over their (9) . Publication in specialized journals will win the honor of academics and satisfy the publish-or-perish (10) , but Science and Nature come with the added bonus of potentially getting your paper written up in The New York Times and other publications.
Scientists are also trying to (11) other scientists through Science and Nature, not just the public. The line between popular and professional notoriety is not (12) . Scientists tend to pay more attention to the Big Two than to other journals. (13) more scientists know about a particular pa per, they are more apt to cite it in their own papers. Being often-cited will increase a scientist’s "Impact Factor", a measure of how often papers are cited by (14) . Funding agencies use the Impact Factor as a (15) measure of the influence of scientists they are considering supporting. (16) Science and Nature papers have more visibility, the number of’ submissions is growing, say the editors. Nature now gets 10,000 (17) a year, and that figure is rising, says editor-in-chief Philip Campbell via email. In his opinion, this partly reflects the increase (18) scientific activity around the word. It also (19) reflects the increasing and sometimes (20) emphasis amongst funding agencies and governments on publication measures, such as the typical rates of citation of journals.

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.20（）

A:distinctive B:distinct C:distinguishing D:distinguished

A:distinctive B:distinct C:distinguishing D:distinguished

Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER ISHEET 1. The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, (1) this is largely because, (2) animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are (3) to perceiving those smells which float through the air, (4) the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, (5) , we are extremely sensitive to smells, (6) we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of (7) human smells even when these are. (8) to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, (9) others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate. (10) smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send (11) to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell (12) can suddenly become sensitive to it when (13) to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it (14) to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can (15) new receptors if necessary. This may (16) explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells--we simply do not need to be. We are not (17) of the usual smell of our own house, but we (18) new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (19) for unfamiliar and emergency signals (20) the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.7（　）

A:distinguishing B:discovering C:determining D:detecting

There is a （） improvement in your pronunciation.

A:distinguishing B:distinction C:distinct D:distinguished

Sophy Brent came to visit me nearly every day. She (36) me unbearably most of the time. She (37) incessantly and never used an ashtray. She (38) me into the kitchen while I (39) tea or coffee or supper and helped (40) the children’s orange juice. She was very successful (41) my two-year-old daughter Flora, who would (42) her for hours and refer to her lovingly (43) "Sofa," and she was always talking about my husband and asking me where he was.
I could not decide why she chose my (44) , although I realized that nobody (45) paid her very much attention. Her situation was very difficult (46) she was straight out of drama school and only nineteen, being required to play a leading part in a company of fairly (47) and experienced actors. They (48) her much even if she had been good, and as, from all accounts (按照各种说法), she was not good they (49) every opportunity to speak evil against her. I think she thought I was the only person (50) who was both unconnected with the theatre and tolerably smart. And (51) , although I was irritated by her I did not (52) her. There was something attractive in her overflowing enthusiasm and she had (53) physical charm that with me she could (54) anything. She was nice to have around, (55) flowers or a bowl of fruit.

43（）

A:distinguished B:distinguishing C:distinct D:distinctive

Sophy Brent came to visit me nearly every day. She (36) me unbearably most of the time. She (37) incessantly and never used an ashtray. She (38) me into the kitchen while I (39) tea or coffee or supper and helped (40) the children’s orange juice. She was very successful (41) my two-year-old daughter Flora, who would (42) her for hours and refer to her lovingly (43) "Sofa," and she was always talking about my husband and asking me where he was.
I could not decide why she chose my (44) , although I realized that nobody (45) paid her very much attention. Her situation was very difficult (46) she was straight out of drama school and only nineteen, being required to play a leading part in a company of fairly (47) and experienced actors. They (48) her much even if she had been good, and as, from all accounts (按照各种说法), she was not good they (49) every opportunity to speak evil against her. I think she thought I was the only person (50) who was both unconnected with the theatre and tolerably smart. And (51) , although I was irritated by her I did not (52) her. There was something attractive in her overflowing enthusiasm and she had (53) physical charm that with me she could (54) anything. She was nice to have around, (55) flowers or a bowl of fruit.

50（）

A:distinguished B:distinguishing C:distinct D:distinctive

? ?The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confusing, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts).
? ?Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses (假设) and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited (使不相信). The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.
? ? The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.
? ? Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes-for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.
? ?Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic (抱歉) about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.

The best title for the passage is______.

A:The Nature of Science and Scientists. B:Biology and the Scientific Age C:Hypotheses and Theories D:On Distinguishing Fact from Fiction