单选集
单选集
Police and villagers unanimously ______ the forest fire to thunder and lightning.
A:ascribed B:approached C:confirmed D:confined
Text 4
My church recently staged a Sensitivity Sunday to make our congregation aware of the problems faced by people with physical handicaps. We are asked to "adopt a handicap" for several hours on Sunday morning. Some members chose to be confined to wheelchairs, others stuffed cotton in their ears, hobbled around on crutches, or wore blindfolds.
Wheelchairs had never seemed like scary objects to me before I had to sit in one. A tight knot grabbed hold in my stomach when I first took a close look at what was to be my only means of getting around for several hours. I was stuck by the irrational thought, "once I am in this wheelchair, the handicap might become real, and I might never walk again." This thought, as ridiculous as it was, frightened me so much that I needed a large dose of courage just to sit down.
After I overcame my fear of the wheelchair, I had to learn how to cope with it. I wiggled around to find a comfortable position and thought I might even enjoy being pampered and wheeled around. I glanced over my shoulder to see who would be pushing me. It was only then that I realized I would have to navigate the contraption all by myself! My palms reddened and started to sting as I tugged at the heavy metal wheels. I could not seem to keep the chair on an even course or point the wheels in direction I wanted to go. I kept bumping into doors, pews, and other people. I felt as though everyone was staring at me and commenting on my clumsiness.
When the service started, more problems cropped up to frustrate me even further. Every time the congregation stood up, my view was blocked. I could not see the minister, the choir, or the altar. Also, as the church’ s aisles were narrow, I seemed to be in the way no matter where I parked myself. For instance, the ushers had to step around me in order to pass the collection plate. This Shade me feel like a nuisance. Thanks to a new building program, our church will soon have the wide aisles and well - spaced pews that will make life easier for the handicapped. Finally, if people stopped to talk to me, I had to strain my neck to look up at them. This made me feel like a little child being talked down to and added to my sense of helplessness.
My few hours as a disabled person left a deep impression on me. Now, I no longer feel resentment at large tax expenditures for ramp equipped buses, and I wouldn’t dream of parking my car in a space marked "Handicapped Only." Although my close encounter with a handicap was short - lived, I can now understand the challenges, both physical and emotional, that wheelchair - bound people must over come.
A:be confined to wheelchairs B:stuff cotton in his ears C:hobble around on crutches D:wear blindfolds
Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive humans were closer to the animals (1) they, too, relied’upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans (2) a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating (3) of a disease or (4) the condition of a wound. (5) there was so much that primitive humans did not (6) the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component ofthe beliefs about the causes and cures of heath (7) Therefore it is not (8) that early humans thought that illness was caused (9) evil spirit. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual to (10) harmful spirit from a diseased body.
One of the. earliest (11) in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and (12) of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. The writing (13) to him has provided a number of principles underiying modern medical practice. One of his most famous (14) , the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics.
Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived from a (15) of the natural science and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this (16) thesis, On Air, Water, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human well-being is (17) by the totality of environmental (18) : living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air, and food. (19) enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are (20) very much written in twentieth century.
A:attributed B:committed C:acknowledged D:confined
Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinary English, and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature. Such special dialects, or jargons, are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders.
Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like fanning and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound; and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons, and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary.
Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild.
The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associates freely with his fellow-crea-tures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called "popular science" makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it—as in the case of the roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.
Special words used in technical discussion______.
A:may become part of common speech B:should be confined to scientific fields C:should resemble mathematical formulae D:are considered artificial speech
Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive humans were closer to the animals (1) they, too, relied’upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans (2) a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating (3) of a disease or (4) the condition of a wound. (5) there was so much that primitive humans did not (6) the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component ofthe beliefs about the causes and cures of heath (7) Therefore it is not (8) that early humans thought that illness was caused (9) evil spirit. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual to (10) harmful spirit from a diseased body.
One of the. earliest (11) in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and (12) of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. The writing (13) to him has provided a number of principles underiying modern medical practice. One of his most famous (14) , the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics.
Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived from a (15) of the natural science and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this (16) thesis, On Air, Water, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human well-being is (17) by the totality of environmental (18) : living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air, and food. (19) enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are (20) very much written in twentieth century
A:attributed B:committed C:acknowledged D:confined
In our society, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person (1) by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, stand in football match (2) , we are likely to have conversations (3) we give information or opinions, and sometimes have our views (4) by other members of society.
Face-to-face contact is (5) the only form of communication, and during the last two hundred years the (6) of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of contemporary society. Two things, (7) others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has (8) advances in printing, photography and so on. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the (9) and reception of communications so that local news often (10) a back seat to national news.
No longer is the possession of information (11) to a privileged minority. Forty years ago people used to (12) to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that (13) into millions of houses. Communication is no longer merely concerned (14) the transmission of information. The modern communications industry influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing (15) to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all (16) with informing, educating and entertaining. (17) a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very valuable to the individual and to the society (18) which he is a part, the vast modern network of communications is (19) to abuse. However, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning (20) .
A:prohibited B:provided C:allowed D:confined
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