关于全身适应综合征(GAS)叙述正确的是

A:应激原作用后，机体出现的快速动员期 B:GAS可分为三个时期 C:GAS体现了应激反应的全身性和特异性 D:在抵抗期中，以交感，肾上腺髓质兴奋为主 E:CAS是指警觉期

Text 2
Owing to the insufficient gas supply in the United States, the gas price has dramatically risen. The new gas price reality and the policy decisions it may trigger will undoubtedly lead to critical financial implications for some individuals or companies, but the situation can hardly be termed a "national crisis" or even a "shortage". What is true is that buyers--particularly those in the chemical industry and in independent power generation -will not be able to acquire the quantity of gas they wish at the prices they wish to pay, or even at prices that will allow them to remain competitive in their markets, particularly during peak demand seasons.
Over the next year or two, the result will be higher, and more volatile prices, to be sure, but there are market-driven adjustment mechanisms even in the short term, e.g., more electric power from coal and oil, reduced production of domestic chemicals, and a commensurate substitution of imports. Consumers and companies will feel the economic pinch of higher prices; particularly, if we experience an exceptionally hot summer and a winter, when average temperatures were 20% colder than the year before in the Northeast. Still, the United States faces neither the specter of economic recession--at least not solely due to gas prices--nor of freezing families unable to ’obtain gas to heat their homes.
Given this new price plateau, demand adjustments will also take place and vary across regions of the United States and across industries, with power generation and chemicals perhaps the most affected. Some in those industries may find that their facilities are no longer financially viable at the new price plateau, and there will likely be another round of industrial restructuring not unlike others that have resulted from international differences in resource and labor costs--lest we forget, natural gas is still abundant and very low cost in other countries such as Trinidad, Qatar, and Iran, just as labor is abundant and low cost in China, Indonesia, and parts of Latin America.
From a policy perspective, the United States needs to carefully evaluate a series of trade-offs between environmental concerns and economic growth. The gas price experiences of the last two years are the first real tastes of the economic costs of a gas-based environmental strategy. Evaluating these trade-offs needs to be done with a level head and a clear understanding of those trade-offs.

What is the main topic of the article（）

A:American economy is strongly hit by the high prices of gas. B:American economy is affected by the high price of gas, but it is not a crisis. C:American economic policy is a failure. D:The prices of gas will rise in the following years.

Text 2 Owing to the insufficient gas supply in the United States, the gas price has dramatically risen. The new gas price reality and the policy decisions it may trigger will undoubtedly lead to critical financial implications for some individuals or companies, but the situation can hardly be termed a "national crisis" or even a "shortage". What is true is that buyers--particularly those in the chemical industry and in independent power generation -will not be able to acquire the quantity of gas they wish at the prices they wish to pay, or even at prices that will allow them to remain competitive in their markets, particularly during peak demand seasons. Over the next year or two, the result will be higher, and more volatile prices, to be sure, but there are market-driven adjustment mechanisms even in the short term, e.g., more electric power from coal and oil, reduced production of domestic chemicals, and a commensurate substitution of imports. Consumers and companies will feel the economic pinch of higher prices; particularly, if we experience an exceptionally hot summer and a winter, when average temperatures were 20% colder than the year before in the Northeast. Still, the United States faces neither the specter of economic recession--at least not solely due to gas prices--nor of freezing families unable to ’obtain gas to heat their homes. Given this new price plateau, demand adjustments will also take place and vary across regions of the United States and across industries, with power generation and chemicals perhaps the most affected. Some in those industries may find that their facilities are no longer financially viable at the new price plateau, and there will likely be another round of industrial restructuring not unlike others that have resulted from international differences in resource and labor costs--lest we forget, natural gas is still abundant and very low cost in other countries such as Trinidad, Qatar, and Iran, just as labor is abundant and low cost in China, Indonesia, and parts of Latin America. From a policy perspective, the United States needs to carefully evaluate a series of trade-offs between environmental concerns and economic growth. The gas price experiences of the last two years are the first real tastes of the economic costs of a gas-based environmental strategy. Evaluating these trade-offs needs to be done with a level head and a clear understanding of those trade-offs.

What is the main topic of the article（）

A:American economy is strongly hit by the high prices of gas. B:American economy is affected by the high price of gas, but it is not a crisis. C:American economic policy is a failure. D:The prices of gas will rise in the following years.

Passage One
There are more than 100 million cars in the United States. A normal car gets less than 15 miles from each gallon of gas. It travels about 10,000 miles each year. In that time, it uses about 650 gallons of gas. In all, autos use up some 70 billion gallons of gas a year. That comes out to be four-and-a-half million barrels a day.
The importance of saving gas, then, cannot be stressed too much. Let’s say, for instance, that the fuel used by each car could be cut back just 15 percent. This could be done by making fewer trips each day. It could be done through better driving habits. If it were done, our nation’s use of fuel would fall by close to two-thirds of a million barrels per day.
We can all help save gas. One way is to ride the buses. Some of us could walk to work. We could ride mopeds(机动脚踏两用车) or bikes. Another way is to share a ride. We could join carpools (合伙使用汽车). About one-third of all cars are used for going to and from work.
Go shopping with a friend from time to time. If two people use a car instead of one, we all save. There would be fewer cars on the road. The savings on gas around the nation would come to more than one half million barrels a day.
Another way to save is by cutting our useless trips. Can you find one car trip per week that could be handled by telephone Can you combine trips If each car took one less 10-mile trip a week, we could save three-and-half billion gallons of gas a year. This comes to nearly 5 percent of the total passenger car demand for gas.
The way people drive decides how much fuel they save. Careful drivers may get20 percent more miles per gallon than normal drivers. They could get 50 percent more miles per gallon than wasteful drivers. Careful drivers obey the 55-mile-per-hour speed limit. They get to their desired speed quickly and keep a steady pace.
If just one gallon of gas were saved each week for each car in the country, we could all save about five-and-half billion gallons a year.

What is the main idea of the passage（）

A:Americans need to save gas. B:Gas prices continue to rise. C:Small cars get good gas mileage. D:Automobiles cause serious air pollution.

Oil and gas will run out too fast for doomsday global warming scenarios to materialize, according to a controversial new analysis presented this week at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. The authors warn that all the fuel will be burnt before there is enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to realize predictions of melting ice caps and searing temperatures. Defending their predictions, scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change say they considered a range of estimates of oil and gas reserves, and point out that coal-burning could easily make up the shortfall. But all agree that burning coal would be even worse for the planet.
The IPCC’s predictions of global meltdown pushed forward the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, an agreement obliging signatory nations to cut CO₂ emissions. The IPCC considered a range of future scenarios, from unlimited burning of fossil-fuels to a fast transition towards greener energy sources. But geologists Anders Sivertsson, Kjell Aleklett and Colin Campbell of Uppsala University say there is not enough oil and gas left even the most conservative of the 40 IPCC scenarios to come to pass.
Although estimates of oil and gas reserves vary widely, the researchers are part of a growing group of experts who believe that oil supplies will peak as soon as 2010, and gas soon after. Their analysis suggests that oil and gas reserves combined about to the equivalent of about 3,500 billion barrels of oil considerably less than the 5,000 billion barrels estimated in the most optimistic model envisaged by the IPCC. Even the average forecast of about 8,000 billion barrels is more than twice the Swedish estimate of the world’s remaining reserves.
Nebojsa Nakicenovic, an energy economist at the University of Vienna, Austria who headed the 80-strong IPCC team that produced the forecasts, says the panel’s work still stands. He says they factored in a much broader and internationally accepted range of oil and gas estimates than the "conservative" Swedes.
Even if oil and gas run out, "there’s a huge amount of coal underground that could be exploited", he says that burning coal could make the IPCC scenarios come true, but points out that such a switch would be disastrous. Coal is dirtier than oil and gas and produces more CO₂ for each unit of energy, as well as releasing large amounts of particulates. He says the latest analysis is a "shot across the bows" for policy makers.

In the last paragraph, what does the word "switch" stand for（　）

A:Coal-burning to replace the oil and gas. B:Fossil fuels to replace the oil and gas. C:Green fuels to replace the oil and gas. D:The oil and gas to replace the coal-burning.

{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}

In the last paragraph, what does the word "switch" stand for?

A:Coal-burning to replace the oil and gas. B:Fossil fuels to replace the oil and gas. C:Green fuels to replace the oil and gas. D:The oil and gas to replace the, coal-burning.

Central heating became popular only after the Civil War. Typically, coal-burning furnaces (火炉) fueled the early systems. Natural gas had developed into the leading fuel by 1960. Its acceptance resulted in part from its wide uses. Because it comes primarily from U.S. and Canadian fields, natural gas is also less vulnerable (脆弱的) than oil is to War. Oil remains the most important fuel in a few areas, such as New England.
Electric heating dominates most areas with mild winters and cheap electricity, including the South and the Northwest. It was made popular at least in the South by the low cost of adding electric heating to new houses built with air-conditioning. Bottled gas, which is somewhat more expensive than utility gas, is the fuel of choice in rural areas not served by utility pipelines. Wood is the leading heating fuel in just a few rural counties.
Home heating, which accounts for less than 7 percent of all energy consumed in the U.S., has had a commendable (值得赞扬的) efficiency record: from 1978 to 1997, the amount of fuel consumed for this purpose declined 44 percent despite a 33 percent increase in the number of housing units and an increase in house size. The U.S. Department of Energy, however, forecasts that energy used in home heating will rise by 14 percent over the next two decades. That rise is small considering an expected 21 percent increase in the number of houses and the trend toward larger houses.
Natural gas and electricity will probably dominate the home heating market for the next two decades. Solar (太阳的) heating never became popular because of cost and limited winter sunlight in most areas; in 2000 only 47,000 homes relied on it.
What fuel is the dominant fuel in New England

A:Gas. B:Electricity. C:Wood. D:Oil.

Home Heating
Central heating became popular only after the Civil War. Typically, coal-burning furnaces (火炉) fueled the early systems. Natural gas had developed into the leading fuel by 1960. Its acceptance resulted in part from its wide uses. Because it comes primarily from U.S. and Canadian fields, natural gas is also less vulnerable (脆弱的) than oil is to war. Oil remains the most important fuel in a few areas, such as New England.
Electric heating dominates most areas with mild winters and cheap electricity, including the South and the Northwest. It was made popular at least in the South by the Iow cost of adding electric heating to new houses built with air-conditioning. Bottled gas, which is somewhat more expensive than utility gas, is the fuel of choice in rural areas not served by utility pipelines. Wood is the leading heating fuel in just a few rural counties.
Home heating, which accounts for less than 7 percent of all energy consumed in the U.S., has had a commendable (值得赞扬的) efficiency record: from 1978 to 1997, the amount of fuel consumed for this purpose declined 44 percent despite a 33 percent increase in the number of housing units and an increase in house size. The U. S. Department of Energy, however, forecasts that energy used in home heating will rise by 14 percent over the next two decades. That rise is small considering an expected 21 percent increase in the number of houses and the trend toward larger houses.
Natural gas and electricity will probably dominate the home heating market for the next two decades. Solar (太阳的) heating never became popular because of cost and limited winter sunlight in most areas; in 2000 only 47, 000 homes relied on it.
What fuel is the dominant fuel in New England

A:Gas. B:Electricity. C:Wood. D:Oil.

第二篇 Home Heating Central heating became popular only after the Civil War. Typically, coal—burning furnaces(火炉)fueled the early systems．Natural gas had developed into the leading fuel by 1960.Its acceptance resulted in part from its wide uses．Because it comes primarily from U．S．and Canadian fields，natural gas is also less vulnerable(脆弱的)than oil is to War．Oil remains the most important fuel in a few areas．such as New England． Electric heating dominates most areas with mild winters and cheap electricity, including the South and the Northwest．It was made popular at least in the South by the low cost of adding electric heating to new houses built with air．conditioning．Bottled gas．which is somewhat more expensive than utility gas，is the fuel of choice in rural areas not served by utility pipelines．Wood is the leading heating fuel in just a few rural counties． Home heating，which accounts for less than 7 percent of a11 energy consumed in the U．S．，has had a commendable(值得赞扬的)efficiency record：from 1978 to 1997，the amount of fuel consumed for this purpose declined 44 percent despite a 33 percent increase in the number of housing units and an increase in house size．The U．S．Department of Energy。however, forecasts mat energy used in home heating will rise by 14 percent over the next two decades．That rise is small considering an expected 2 1 percent increase in the number of houses and the trend toward larger houses． Natural gas and electricity will probably dominate the home heating market for the next two decades．Solar(太阳的)heating never became popular because of cost and limited winter sunlight in most areas；in 2000 only 47.000 homes relied on it． What fuel is the dominant fuel in New England?

A:Gas． B:Electricity． C:Wood． D:Oil．