任意集
任意集
U. S. Eats Too Much Salt
People in the United Statesconsume more than twice the recommended amount1 of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, government health experts said on Thursday.
They found nearly 70 percent ofU. S.adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1,500 mg per day2，yet most consume closer to 3,500 mg per day.
“It’s important for people to eat less salt. People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium and rich in potassium and calcium can improve their blood pressure,”Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement.
“People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake,” Labarthe said.
The study in CDC’s weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than 1，500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40一which are considered high-risk groups.
Yet studies show most people in theUnited Stateseat 3,436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005–2006 CDC estimate.
Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.
Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5.8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CDC said.
词汇：
sodium/ "səʊdɪəm/ n.钠
potassium/pəˈtæsiəm/n.钾
calcium/ "kælsɪəm/ n.钙
intake / ˈɪnteɪk/n.纳入量
注释:
1.more than twice the recommended amount：比推荐量的两倍还多
2.They found nearly 70 percent ofU. S.adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1,500 mg per day：他们发现将近分之七十的美国成年人属于高危人群,如果他们的日食盐量降至l,500毫克,则会从中受益。
To improve their blood pressure, people should have a diet____
A:rich in potassium and sodium B:rich in potassium and calcium C:rich in calcium and sodium D:none of the above
Every second in the United States alone, more than 250 animals are slaughtered for food, adding up to more than 8 billion animals each year. Reducing the amount of meat in one’s diet is nutritionally, environmentally, and ethically beneficial.
People who eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians. Meat has been directly linked to diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and many other illnesses. Furthermore, meat-eaters are at a higher risk for diseases, including cancer, and they are more likely to die from these diseases. Critics say that a meatless diet does not provide enough nutrients, especially protein and iron. Actually, according to A Teen’s Guide to Going Vegetarian, by Judy Krizmanic, protein is found in almost every food, and iron appears in many vegetables. Getting enough nutrients in a meat-reduced diet should not be difficult. A 1988 study found that some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat and eggs. Diets including more fruits and vegetables will only make people healthier.
Some skeptics believe that there will be a shortage of food if animals are not eaten. In fact, the opposite is true. More than 80% of the corn and 95% of the oats grown in the US are fed to livestock. The world’s cattle alone consume enough food to equal the caloric needs of 8.7 billion people, more than the entire human population. One half of the water used in the Unites States also goes to livestock; 2.50 gallons of water produces only 1 pound of beef. If people eat less meat and more plants, the amount of available food will increase.
Many people become vegetarians because they feel that eating animals is unethical. 90% of these animals are raised in confinement. Chickens and other birds have only about half. a square foot of space each, and since they are raised so close together, a hot blade is used to cut off their beaks to prevent them from pecking each other to death. Likewise, pigs that are repressed will bite each other’s tails, so both their teeth and tails are removed as soon as they are born.
Eating animals is hazardous in numerous ways. Even a slight reduction in meat intake is better than nothing at all. Consuming less meat is beneficial to the health of animals, the health of people, and to the health of the world.
A:A diet without meat cannot supply enough protein. B:Nearly all the food we eat contains protein. C:It’s difficult to get enough nutrients in a meatless diet. D:Some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat.
Responsibilities—We all have them; most of us have more than we’d like. That doesn’t change the reality that, sooner or later, we all have to (1) up to them. But perhaps it does explain our (2) to add to the ever-growing list. There’s already so much to ’do in a day, why tack on an (3) burden
Unfortunately, it’s this kind of defeatist mentality (4) keeps people from enhancing their lives through proper (5) and exercise. Here is the salient point, though: The health and fitness benefits you’ll derive from (6) the necessary work are worth whatever sacrifices you must make (7) the way. I can’t count how many times I’ve heard the same (8) . Each time, I always give the same response: Yes, I say, working out is work. So is taking the (9) to eat right. (10) yourself on the couch or having drinks with friends after work is a lot easier than exercising, and hitting the McDonald’s drive-thru takes a lot less time than cooking a (11) at home. But channel surfing, margaritas and a Quarter Pounder With Cheese aren’t going to produce some of the things worth having—a low cholesterol level or the (12) to go shirtless on the beach. Those benefits demand a (13) effort. I’m not saying you should eschew the (14) night on the town or gourmet meal at a five-star restaurant. Both have their (15) and are components of a well-rounded life. I’ve enjoyed my (16) of revelry and fine (17) and look forward to those special opportunities to experience more of the good life. But I’ve managed to find a balance between those (18) pleasures and a permanent (19) to a regular workout and a healthy diet. Because, (20) , it is the latter that will have a lasting improvement on the overall quality of my life.
A:food B:nutrition C:diet D:recreation
Responsibilities—We all have them; most of us have more than we’d like. That doesn’t change the reality that, sooner or later, we all have to (1) up to them. But perhaps it does explain our (2) to add to the ever-growing list. There’s already so much to ’do in a day, why tack on an (3) burden
Unfortunately, it’s this kind of defeatist mentality (4) keeps people from enhancing their lives through proper (5) and exercise. Here is the salient point, though: The health and fitness benefits you’ll derive from (6) the necessary work are worth whatever sacrifices you must make (7) the way. I can’t count how many times I’ve heard the same (8) . Each time, I always give the same response: Yes, I say, working out is work. So is taking the (9) to eat right. (10) yourself on the couch or having drinks with friends after work is a lot easier than exercising, and hitting the McDonald’s drive-thru takes a lot less time than cooking a (11) at home. But channel surfing, margaritas and a Quarter Pounder With Cheese aren’t going to produce some of the things worth having—a low cholesterol level or the (12) to go shirtless on the beach. Those benefits demand a (13) effort. I’m not saying you should eschew the (14) night on the town or gourmet meal at a five-star restaurant. Both have their (15) and are components of a well-rounded life. I’ve enjoyed my (16) of revelry and fine (17) and look forward to those special opportunities to experience more of the good life. But I’ve managed to find a balance between those (18) pleasures and a permanent (19) to a regular workout and a healthy diet. Because, (20) , it is the latter that will have a lasting improvement on the overall quality of my life.
A:meal B:diet C:dining D:eating
A:How to diet. B:Why we should diet. C:What we should diet. D:Where we should diet.
{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}
| ? ?The primary consideration in achieving
a balanced diet is not how much or how little we eat, but what we eat. The body
is a highly complex self-generator, that is to say, provided it is given the
right fuel, it is capable of both curing and warding off disease. Like any other
machine, however, if it is inexpertly cared for, over-taxed or insufficiently
used, it will become rusty, sluggish or clogged and parts of its mechanism may
even grind to a halt. The proper care of the body requires an understanding of
its needs, allowing for variations resulting from climate, age or occupation. To
keep in good running order, the body requires the raw materials for growth and
the replacement of tissues when necessary. Our bodies burn food like fuel to
produce the energy we need. Basically we need carbohydrates, protein, fat,
vitamins and minerals, together with regular but not excessive
exercise. ? ?Carbohydrates are found in foods such as bread, potatoes and sugar. They are excel- lent energy producers, but if eaten too excess may be largely converted to fat and a reduction in the amount of carbohydrates or "starchy’ foods is one of the obvious ways to reduce weight, since most of us eat too much of them anyway. Protein, found in meat and cheese, is used for tissue building and in the developed countries most people eat about ll0g daily, which is a good deal more than the recommended minimum of 70g a day. In underdeveloped countries where food is scarce and periodical famine may occur, children in particular suffer from protein deficiency, since this is the material most need- ed for growth. Animal fats, e. g. butter, are also good sources of energy, but are some- times held to cause increased cholesterol levels in the blood (which may lead to fatty de- posits in the arteries) and are therefore best avoided by people suffering from certain forms of heart disease, vegetable fats being recommended as a substitute. ? ?Vitamins are another essential requirement for health. There are about forty known vitamins, but the most generally referred to are A, B, C, D and E. Deficiency of Vita- min A, found in carrots, liver, etc. , is alleged to affect the vision and the skin and re- duce resistance to infection. Vitamin C, present in nearly all fruit, particularly oranges and other citrus fruit, has come to be regarded as particularly effective in the prevention of colds and low energy states and claims have recently been put forward regarding the efficacy of large doses of Vitamin C in the treatment of certain mental illnesses. ? ?Among the minerals we need, the most important are calcium, iron and iodine. Milk is one of the richest sources of calcium, which helps to build our bones and our teeth. Lack of iron in the blood produces anaemia and children and others suffering from anaemic conditions are generally advised to increase their intake of iron, which may be found in liver, molasses and dates among other foods. ? ?In any diet, natural foods are best. In the Western world, at least, we have become increasingly dependent on "convenience foods": frozen peas, tinned meat and fish, ready-to-eat meals from the supermarket, anything which is quick to prepare, looks more or less appetising and satisfies our immediate hunger. We have ceased to care that most of what we eat has had the goodness processed out of it. We rely on pills to supply what our food lacks. We ignore the preservatives, artificial coloring and additives in the packaged foods we buy. In the kind of world we live in, however, there is, of course, no quick, easy answer. ? ?Climate and work play an important part in diet. People in hot climates require fewer carbohydrates than those in colder regions, and those engaged in heavy manual labor or physical exertion, such as dockers or athletes, require more protein to keep them fit for their work. We are all individuals and a balanced diet must take into account genetics, environment, employment and, last but not least, emotional stress. Tension and anxiety are often the underlying causes of over-and underweight and even dietary deficiency since our nervous system needs to be fed as much as any other part of our body. |
A:a generator B:regular replacement of its mechanisms C:a balanced diet and excessive exercise D:a balanced diet and regular exercise
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}
| ? ? ?Coronary heart disease(冠心病) is a
term used to describe conditions like angina(心绞痛) or heart attack. Many people
suffer from heart disease. ? ? ?If you have had a heart attack or suffer from angina it is very important that you take positive action now in order to keep your heart as healthy as possible. This article outlines steps you can take in order to help achieve this. ? ? ?A number of factors have been known to increase the risk of your coronary heart disease. There are often referred to as "risk factors". But some of these factors can be changed or modified to help improve your condition. These include: high Mood cholesterol(胆固醇), high blood pressure, smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, high alcohol intake, obesity, diabetes and stress. ? ? ?High blood cholesterol has been shown to be one of the most important risk factors, yet only about half of coronary heart-disease patients have had their blood cholesterol checked. ? ? ?When blood cholesterol is high, it builds up in the walls of the arteries (blood vessels), causing them to narrow. The narrowing can then begin to restrict the blood flow to the heart. Under these conditions patients will often experience chest pain or tightness, known as angina. ? ? In some cases narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the heart can become so severe that it blocks the artery. More usually, however, a partial blockage triggers a blood clot, causing a heart attack, which can cause permanent damage to part of the heart muscle. ? ? To reduce the build up of cholesterol in the artery walls, and so reduce the risk of a heart attack, cholesterol lowering has become an essential part of treatment for people with coronary heart disease. ? ? Reductions in blood cholesterol have been shown to provide major benefits for patients who have angina or have had a heart attack, such as reducing the risk of another heart attack occurring and improving survival. ? ? ?Your cholesterol should be checked regularly, and modified if necessary, along with all the other factors. This will help to ensure that you minimise the risk of suffering future heart problems like another heart attack. ? ? It is better for your heart if all the risk factors are reduced by a little, rather than concentrating on one and ignoring the others. ? ? Changes in lifestyle can often help to reduce these risk factors. These include stop-ping smoking or cutting down the number of cigarettes you smoke, a healthier diet and a healthy body weight, regular exercise, and not drinking more than the recommended amount of alcohol. A healthier diet should consist of reducing the amount of saturated fat(饱和脂肪) you eat and balancing this with an intake of non-and poly-unsaturated fats and increased consumption (单链和多链不饱和脂肪) of cereal foods, vegetables and fruit. ? ? ?Sometimes changes in lifestyle are not enough to reduce factors like cholesterol or blood pressure sufficiently, and so drugs may be prescribed. These drugs should always be combined with changes in lifestyle. |
A:poor diet B:diabetes C:high blood cholesterol D:beer drinking
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}
| ? ? ?Coronary heart disease(冠心病) is a
term used to describe conditions like angina(心绞痛) or heart attack. Many people
suffer from heart disease. ? ? ?If you have had a heart attack or suffer from angina it is very important that you take positive action now in order to keep your heart as healthy as possible. This article outlines steps you can take in order to help achieve this. ? ? ?A number of factors have been known to increase the risk of your coronary heart disease. There are often referred to as "risk factors". But some of these factors can be changed or modified to help improve your condition. These include: high Mood cholesterol(胆固醇), high blood pressure, smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, high alcohol intake, obesity, diabetes and stress. ? ? ?High blood cholesterol has been shown to be one of the most important risk factors, yet only about half of coronary heart-disease patients have had their blood cholesterol checked. ? ? ?When blood cholesterol is high, it builds up in the walls of the arteries (blood vessels), causing them to narrow. The narrowing can then begin to restrict the blood flow to the heart. Under these conditions patients will often experience chest pain or tightness, known as angina. ? ? In some cases narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the heart can become so severe that it blocks the artery. More usually, however, a partial blockage triggers a blood clot, causing a heart attack, which can cause permanent damage to part of the heart muscle. ? ? To reduce the build up of cholesterol in the artery walls, and so reduce the risk of a heart attack, cholesterol lowering has become an essential part of treatment for people with coronary heart disease. ? ? Reductions in blood cholesterol have been shown to provide major benefits for patients who have angina or have had a heart attack, such as reducing the risk of another heart attack occurring and improving survival. ? ? ?Your cholesterol should be checked regularly, and modified if necessary, along with all the other factors. This will help to ensure that you minimise the risk of suffering future heart problems like another heart attack. ? ? It is better for your heart if all the risk factors are reduced by a little, rather than concentrating on one and ignoring the others. ? ? Changes in lifestyle can often help to reduce these risk factors. These include stop-ping smoking or cutting down the number of cigarettes you smoke, a healthier diet and a healthy body weight, regular exercise, and not drinking more than the recommended amount of alcohol. A healthier diet should consist of reducing the amount of saturated fat(饱和脂肪) you eat and balancing this with an intake of non-and poly-unsaturated fats and increased consumption (单链和多链不饱和脂肪) of cereal foods, vegetables and fruit. ? ? ?Sometimes changes in lifestyle are not enough to reduce factors like cholesterol or blood pressure sufficiently, and so drugs may be prescribed. These drugs should always be combined with changes in lifestyle. |
A:stopping smoking B:regular exercise C:healthy diet D:all of these
{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}
| ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? {{B}}?Eat to
Live{{/B}} ? ?A meager(不足的)diet may give you health and long life, but it’s not much fun—and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don’t start to diet until old age. ? ?Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse’s liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation(恢复活力)won’t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize(新陈代谢)drugs or get rid of toxins(毒素). ? ?Spindler’s team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old—equivalent to about 70 human years. ? ?The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production(自由基)—probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes. ? ?"This is the first indication that thee effects kick in pretty quickly," says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington, D. C. ? ?No one yet knows if calorie works in people as it does in mice, bus Spindler is hopeful. "There’s attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work," he says. ? ?If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective. ? ?But Spindler isn’t sure the trade-off(交换)is worth it. "The mice get less disease, they live longer but they’re hungry," he says. "Even seeing what a diet does, it’s still hard to go to a restaurant and say: "I can only eat half of that’." ? ?Spindler hopes we soon won’t need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction. |
A:Eating less than usual might make us live longer. B:We don’t need to go on a diet. C:A meager diet may be fun. D:We have to begin dieting from childhood.
School Lunch
? ?Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly in the ?(51) ? of the day. In Britain ?(52) ? have to provide meals at lunchtime. Children can choose to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.
? ?One shocking ?(53) ? of this research is that school meals are much ?(54) ? than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict ?(55) ? for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one portion of fruit and one of ?(56) ?, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or ?(57) ?. Lunchboxes ?(58) ? by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children consume twice as ?(59) ? sugar as they should at lunchtime.
? ?The research will provide a better ?(60) ? of why the percentage of ?(61) ? students in Britain has increased in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot criticise parents, but it can ?(62) ? them of the ?(63) ? value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children’s diet can ?(64) ? their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating ?(65) ? at this age, and parents are the only ones who can prevent it.
A:diet B:style C:food D:habit
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