单选集
单选集
With the Met Office predicting a summer heatwave, Macmillan Cancer Relief this week
(1) its customary warning about the sun’s ultraviolet rays: (2) , it says, for the huge rise in skin cancers affecting 70,000 people a year. (3) a hat and long-sleeved shirt, it advises, keep in the (4) in the middle of the day, and slap (5) suncream with a protection factor of 15 or above.
We all know it (6) it’s the message that’s been drummed into us for the past 20 years. Too much sun (7) But now there’s a fly in the suntan lotion, complicating the message’s clarity. It comes (8) a thin, quietly-spoken and officially retired Nasa scientist, Professor William Grant, who says that sun doesn’t kill; in fact, it does us the world of (9) . What’s killing us, he says, is our (10) with protecting ourselves from skin cancer.
Grant is trying to turn the scientific world (11) down. Talking to me on a trip to Britain this week, he (12) his startling—and at first appearance off-the-wall—new calculation that (13) excessive exposure to the sun is costing 1,600 deaths a year in the UK from melanoma skin cancers, (14) exposure to the sun is the cause of 25,000 deaths a year from cancer generally. In other words, one sixth of all cancer deaths could be prevented (15) we sunned ourselves a little more; in comparison, the melanoma (16) is insignificant.
The reason is vitamin D. Grant, the director of the Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Centre (SUNARC) he (17) in California a year ago, says that he and other scientists have (18) vitamin D deficiency as a key cause (19) 17 different types of cancer including melanoma, osteoporosis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and other neurological (20) .
A:darkness B:ray C:shade D:sunlight
With the Met Office predicting a summer heatwave, Macmillan Cancer Relief this week (1) its customary warning about the sun’s ultravioiet rays: (2) , it says, for the huge rise in skin cancers affecting 70,000 people a year. (3) a hat and long-sleeved shirt, it advises, keep in the (4) in the middle of the day, and slap (5) suncream with a protection factor of 15 or above.
We all know it (6) ; it’s the message that’s been drummed into us for the past 20 years. Too much sun (7) . But now there’s a fly in the suntan lotion, complicating the message’s clarity. It comes (8) a thin, quietly-spoken and officially retired Nasa scientist, Professor William Grant, who says that sun doesn’t kill; in act, it does us the world of (9) . What’s killing us, he says, is our (10) with protecting ourselves from skin cancer.
Grant is trying to turn the scientific world (11) down. Talking to me on a trip to Britain this week, he (12) his startling--and at first appearance off-the-wall new calculation that (13) excessive exposure to the sun is costing 1,600 deaths a year in the UK from melanoma skin cancers, (14) exposure to the sun is the cause of 25,000 deaths a year from cancer generally. In other words, one sixth of all cancer deaths could be prevented (15) we sunned ourselves a little more; in comparison, the melanoma (16) is insignificant.
The reason is vitamin D. Grant, the director of the Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Centre (SUNARC) he (17) in California a year ago, says that he and other scientists have (18) vitamin D deficiency as a key cause (19) 17 different types of cancer including melanoma, osteoporosis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and other neurological (20) .
A:darkness B:ray C:shade D:sunlight
With the Met Office predicting a summer heatwave, Macmillan Cancer Relief this week (1) its customary warning about the sun’s ultravioiet rays: (2) , it says, for the huge rise in skin cancers affecting 70,000 people a year. (3) a hat and long-sleeved shirt, it advises, keep in the (4) in the middle of the day, and slap (5) suncream with a protection factor of 15 or above.
We all know it (6) ; it’s the message that’s been drummed into us for the past 20 years. Too much sun (7) . But now there’s a fly in the suntan lotion, complicating the message’s clarity. It comes (8) a thin, quietly-spoken and officially retired Nasa scientist, Professor William Grant, who says that sun doesn’t kill; in {act, it does us the world of (9) . What’s killing us, he says, is our (10) with protecting ourselves from skin cancer.
Grant is trying to turn the scientific world (11) down. Talking to me on a trip to Britain this week, he (12) his startling--and at first appearance off-the-wall new calculation that (13) excessive exposure to the sun is costing 1,600 deaths a year in the UK from melanoma skin cancers, (14) exposure to the sun is the cause of 25,000 deaths a year from cancer generally. In other words, one sixth of all cancer deaths could be prevented (15) we sunned ourselves a little more; in comparison, the melanoma (16) is insignificant.
The reason is vitamin D. Grant, the director of the Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Centre (SUNARC) he (17) in California a year ago, says that he and other scientists have (18) vitamin D deficiency as a key cause (19) 17 different types of cancer including melanoma, osteoporosis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and other neurological (20) .
A:darkness B:ray C:shade D:sunlight
Sports have always been ruled by the weather. Rain, sleet, snow and cold called the plays. Baseball fans have often sat in the rain without cover, waiting for the sun to come out and the game to begin. Football lovers sometimes took days to warm up after sitting through a freezing cold Sunday game. For both sports fans and players, the domed stadium was like something out of a dream. A huge plastic bubble kept out rain and snow. There was heat to keep things comfortable year round.
Domed stadiums have clearly changed the course of sports. Still, they did have their problems at first. Most of these problems were discovered and solved at the Houston Astrodome. This was the world’s first stadium with a lid. For the fans, it was great. But there were some problems for the players. Baseball outfielders had the most difficult time. They had to learn to catch in a field with a roof. At first this was almost as difficult as playing in the dark. The glass of the roof was light colored, to let sunlight in. Sunlight was needed to keep the grass on the field alive. But the light roof blended (混合) too well with the white baseball. Fly balls seemed to drop out of nowhere. Even skilled fielders were making errors. Finally, the decision was made to paint the glass of the roof dark. The problem was solved. But what about the grass Well, the real grass was dug up and replaced with artificial turf!
A:artificial grass B:bright sunlight C:stained glass roofs D:bright lighting
Passage One
What is color Why do some objects look red, others green, others blue
Color is caused by reflected light rays. We see color because objects reflect light. Some thing that is red reflects mostly red light. In the same way, a green object reflects mostly green light. White objects reflect all colors of light. Black objects do not reflect any light.
What happens to the colors of light that are not reflected They are absorbed by the object. The darker the color, the less light is reflected and the more light is absorbed. Light that is absorbed is turned into heat. For this reason, dark-colored clothes are warmer in the sunlight than light-colored clothes.
A:Dark-colored clothes are warmer in the sunlight. B:Objects absorb part of the sunlight. C:Color is caused by reflected light rays. D:A red object reflects mostly red light.
Sports have always been ruled by the weather. Rain, sleet, snow and cold called the plays. Baseball fans have often sat in the rain without cover, waiting for the sun to come out and the game to begin. Football lovers sometimes took days to warm up after sitting through a freezing cold Sunday game. For both sports fans and players, the domed stadium was like something out of a dream. A huge plastic bubble kept out rain and snow. There was heat to keep things comfortable year round.
Domed stadiums have clearly changed the course of sports. Still, they did have their problems at first. Most of these problems were discovered and solved at the Houston Astrodome. This was the world’s first stadium with a lid. For the fans, it was great. But there were some problems for the players. Baseball outfielders had the most difficult time. They had to learn to catch in a field with a roof. At first this was almost as difficult as playing in the dark. The glass of the roof was light colored, to let sunlight in. Sunlight was needed to keep the grass on the field alive. But the light roof blended(混合) too well with the white baseball. Fly balls seemed to drop out of nowhere. Even skilled fielders were making errors. Finally, the decision was made to paint the glass of the roof dark. The problem was solved. But what about the grass Well, the real grass was dug up and replaced with artificial turf!
Domed stadiums must have ______.
A:artificial grass B:bright sunlight C:stained glass roofs D:bright lighting
Over the past two decades gee—engineering began to include other ways of fixing climate-including new spins on the Pinatubo effect. Using sulfur dioxide(二氧化硫) or other materials, they aim to reflect sunlight back into outer space. One would boost a series of mirrors into orbit, shading Earth from sunlight, but at a cost that would likely bankrupt the planet. In the 1990s, the controversial inventor of the hydrogen bomb, Edward Teller, proposed floating reflective particles of metal in the atmosphere, adding a Dr. Strangelove air to the gee-engineering field.
Various kinds of materials are used in gee-engineering to
A:bankrupt the earth. B:reflect sunlight back into space. C:boost mirrors into orbit. D:make hydrogen bombs.
Soot（煤烟灰）and Snow: a Hot Combination New reasearch from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot after the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. Soot in the higher latitudes（维度）of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun’s energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight. Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increase, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface."This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier." said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York. Hansen found soot’s effect on snow albedo（反照率）, which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinninbg Arctic sea ice and melting glaciers permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land. "Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heading the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon, " Hansen said. Soot’s increased absorption of solar energy is especially effecntive in warming the world’s climate." This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude." Hansen noted. Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to bi the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century. The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hermisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were coherent with the researchers’ climate model situations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.Which of the following statements of soot is NOT true?
A:It absorbs sun’s heat． B:It is responsible for climate change． C:It reflects sunlight． D:It may account for a quarter of global warming over the past century．
Soot（煤烟灰）and Snow: a Hot Combination New reasearch from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot after the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. Soot in the higher latitudes（维度）of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun’s energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight. Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increase, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface."This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier." said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York. Hansen found soot’s effect on snow albedo（反照率）, which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinninbg Arctic sea ice and melting glaciers permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land. "Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heading the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon, " Hansen said. Soot’s increased absorption of solar energy is especially effecntive in warming the world’s climate." This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude." Hansen noted. Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to bi the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century. The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hermisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were coherent with the researchers’ climate model situations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.The largest warming effects happened in the Northern Hemisphere with
A:X sea ice and insufficient sunlight． B:light snow cover and sufficient sunlight． C:heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight． D:thick sea ice and insufficient sunlight．
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