Charles Reznikoff (1894～1976) worked relentlessly, never leaving New York but for a brief stay in Hollywood, of all places. He was admired by Pound and Kenneth Burke. and often published his own works; in the Depression era, he managed a treadle printing press in his basement. He wrote three sorts of poems: exceptionally short imagistic lyrics; longer pieces crafted and cobbled from other sources, often from the Judaic tradition: and book-length poems wrought from the testimony both of Holocaust trials and from the courtrooms of mm-of-the-century America. Two of these full-length volumes were indeed titled Testimony, as was an earlier prose work; it was a word that kept him close company. When asked late in life to define his poetry, it was not the word he chose.
"Objectivist,’ he wrote, naming his longstanding group, and mimicking poetic style with a single prose sentence: "images clear but the meaning not stated but suggested by the objective details and the music of the verse: words pithy and plain: without the artifice of regular meters: themes, chiefly Jewish. American. urban." If the sentence sounds hard-won, this is perhaps because it was. Four decades earlier, he wrote in a letter to friends, "There is a learned article about my verse in Poetry this month, from which I learn that I am an objectivist." The learned fellow was Louis Zukofsky, brilliant eminence of the Objectivists. "with whom I disagree as to both form and content of verse, but to whom I am obliged for placing some of my things here and there." So read Reznikoffs conclusion in 1931. with its fillip of polite resentment.
Movements and schools are arbitrary and immaterial things by which poetic history is told. This must have rankled Reznikoff. who spent his writing life tracing the material and the necessary.
Born a child of immigrants in Brooklyn in 1294. he was in journalism school at 16, took a law degree at 21. Though he was little interested in legal practice, the ideas would be near the heart of his writing. Ideal poetic language, he wrote, "is restricted almost to the testimony of a witness in a court of law." If this suggests a congenital optimism about the law. it made for astonishingly care-filled poetry. Reznikoff is unsurpassed in conveying the sense that the world is worth getting right. Not the glorious or the damaged world, but the world that is everything that is the case. Reznikoffs faith in the facts of the case takes on an intensity no less social than spiritual, no greater when surveying the Old Testament than New York This collection gathers all his poems (but for those already book-length) by the technique of compressing onto single pages as many as five or six at a time. This can lessen the force; each is a sort of American haiku, though no more impressionistic than a hand-operated printing press. One such. numbered 69 in the volume Jerusalem the Golden, runs in its length: "Among the heaps of brick and plaster lies f a girder, still itself among the rubbish." This exemplary couplet is sometimes taken to represent Reznikoff’s poetry itself, immutable and certain amid the transitory.

A:interested B:angered C:pleased D:consoled

Dr. William C. Stokoe, Jr., was the chairman of the English Department at Gallaudet University. He saw the way deaf people communicated and was extremely (21) . He was a hearing person, and signs of the deaf were totally new to him.
Dr. Stokoe decided to propose a study of sign language. Many other teachers were not interested, and thought Dr. Stokoe was (22) to think about studying sign language. Even deaf teachers were not very interested in the project. However, Dr. Stokoe did not give up. (23) , he started the Linguistics Research Program in’1957. Stokoe and his two deaf assistants, worked (24) this project during the summer and after school. The three (25) made films of deaf people signing. The deaf people in the films did not understand (26) the research was about and were just trying to be nice to Dr. Stokoe. Many people thought the whole project was silly, but (27) agreed with Dr. Stokoe in order to please him.
Stokoe and his (28) studied the films of signing. They (29) the films and tried to see patterns in the signs. The results of the research were (30) : the signs used by all of the signers (31) certain linguistic rules.
Dr. Stokoe was the first linguist to test American Sign Language (32) a real language. He published the (33) in 1960,but not many people paid attention to the study. Dr. Stokoe was still (34) —he was the only linguist who (35) that sign language was more than gestures. He knew it was a language of its own and not just another form of English.

A:ashamed B:bored C:interested D:involved

His package looks pretty, people will buy just about anything. So says an advertising executive in New York, and he has proved his point by selling boxes of rubbish for the price of an expensive bottle of wine. Justin Gignac, 26, has sold almost 900（1）presented plastic boxes of rubbish from the street of the Big Apple at between ＄50 and ＄100 each. Buyers from 19 countries have paid for the souvenirs(纪念品). The idea has been so successful that he is thinking of promoting it around the world. It all began when Mr. Gignac was at a summer workshop. "We had a discussion about his importance of （2）," he recalls. "Someone said packaging was unimportant. I disagreed. The only way to prove it was by selling something nobody would ever want." He searches the streets of Manhattan and typical（3） include broken glass, subway tickets, Starbucks cups and used（4）forks. "Special editions" are offered at a high price. He charged ＄100 for rubbish from the opening day of the New York Yankees stadium. Mr. Gignac denies（5）his customers for fools: "They know what they're getting. They appreciate the fact that they're taking something nobody would want and finding beauty in it." Some（6）customers include people who used to live in the city and want a down to earth souvenir. He claims he has even sold to art collectors. Realizing that the concept appears to be a real moneymaker, Mr. Gignac has（7）a company and is employing his girlfriend as vice president. He（8）to discuss his profit margins: "Its actually quite a lot of effort putting them together-but yet, garbage is free."Mr. Gignac is considering more varieties of souvenirs. He maintains that he has signed（9）with people interested in（10）projects from as far as Berlin and London.

A:lost B:active C:busy D:interested

His package looks pretty, people will buy just about anything. So says an advertising executive in New York, and he has proved his point by selling boxes of rubbish for the price of an expensive bottle of wine. Justin Gignac, 26, has sold almost 900（1）presented plastic boxes of rubbish from the street of the Big Apple at between ＄50 and ＄100 each. Buyers from 19 countries have paid for the souvenirs(纪念品). The idea has been so successful that he is thinking of promoting it around the world. It all began when Mr. Gignac was at a summer workshop. "We had a discussion about his importance of （2）," he recalls. "Someone said packaging was unimportant. I disagreed. The only way to prove it was by selling something nobody would ever want." He searches the streets of Manhattan and typical（3） include broken glass, subway tickets, Starbucks cups and used（4）forks. "Special editions" are offered at a high price. He charged ＄100 for rubbish from the opening day of the New York Yankees stadium. Mr. Gignac denies（5）his customers for fools: "They know what they're getting. They appreciate the fact that they're taking something nobody would want and finding beauty in it." Some（6）customers include people who used to live in the city and want a down to earth souvenir. He claims he has even sold to art collectors. Realizing that the concept appears to be a real moneymaker, Mr. Gignac has（7）a company and is employing his girlfriend as vice president. He（8）to discuss his profit margins: "Its actually quite a lot of effort putting them together-but yet, garbage is free."Mr. Gignac is considering more varieties of souvenirs. He maintains that he has signed（9）with people interested in（10）projects from as far as Berlin and London.

A:surprised B:excited C:encouraged D:interested

His package looks pretty, people will buy just about anything. So says an advertising executive in New York, and he has proved his point by selling boxes of rubbish for the price of an expensive bottle of wine. Justin Gignac, 26, has sold almost 900（1）presented plastic boxes of rubbish from the street of the Big Apple at between ＄50 and ＄100 each. Buyers from 19 countries have paid for the souvenirs(纪念品). The idea has been so successful that he is thinking of promoting it around the world. It all began when Mr. Gignac was at a summer workshop. "We had a discussion about his importance of （2）," he recalls. "Someone said packaging was unimportant. I disagreed. The only way to prove it was by selling something nobody would ever want." He searches the streets of Manhattan and typical（3） include broken glass, subway tickets, Starbucks cups and used（4）forks. "Special editions" are offered at a high price. He charged ＄100 for rubbish from the opening day of the New York Yankees stadium. Mr. Gignac denies（5）his customers for fools: "They know what they're getting. They appreciate the fact that they're taking something nobody would want and finding beauty in it." Some（6）customers include people who used to live in the city and want a down to earth souvenir. He claims he has even sold to art collectors. Realizing that the concept appears to be a real moneymaker, Mr. Gignac has（7）a company and is employing his girlfriend as vice president. He（8）to discuss his profit margins: "Its actually quite a lot of effort putting them together-but yet, garbage is free."Mr. Gignac is considering more varieties of souvenirs. He maintains that he has signed（9）with people interested in（10）projects from as far as Berlin and London.

A:surprised B:excited C:encouraged D:interested

His package looks pretty, people will buy just about anything. So says an advertising executive in New York, and he has proved his point by selling boxes of rubbish for the price of an expensive bottle of wine. Justin Gignac, 26, has sold almost 900（1）presented plastic boxes of rubbish from the street of the Big Apple at between ＄50 and ＄100 each. Buyers from 19 countries have paid for the souvenirs(纪念品). The idea has been so successful that he is thinking of promoting it around the world. It all began when Mr. Gignac was at a summer workshop. "We had a discussion about his importance of （2）," he recalls. "Someone said packaging was unimportant. I disagreed. The only way to prove it was by selling something nobody would ever want." He searches the streets of Manhattan and typical（3） include broken glass, subway tickets, Starbucks cups and used（4）forks. "Special editions" are offered at a high price. He charged ＄100 for rubbish from the opening day of the New York Yankees stadium. Mr. Gignac denies（5）his customers for fools: "They know what they're getting. They appreciate the fact that they're taking something nobody would want and finding beauty in it." Some（6）customers include people who used to live in the city and want a down to earth souvenir. He claims he has even sold to art collectors. Realizing that the concept appears to be a real moneymaker, Mr. Gignac has（7）a company and is employing his girlfriend as vice president. He（8）to discuss his profit margins: "Its actually quite a lot of effort putting them together-but yet, garbage is free."Mr. Gignac is considering more varieties of souvenirs. He maintains that he has signed（9）with people interested in（10）projects from as far as Berlin and London.

A:lost B:active C:busy D:interested

His package looks pretty, people will buy just about anything. So says an advertising executive in New York, and he has proved his point by selling boxes of rubbish for the price of an expensive bottle of wine. Justin Gignac, 26, has sold almost 900（1）presented plastic boxes of rubbish from the street of the Big Apple at between ＄50 and ＄100 each. Buyers from 19 countries have paid for the souvenirs(纪念品). The idea has been so successful that he is thinking of promoting it around the world. It all began when Mr. Gignac was at a summer workshop. "We had a discussion about his importance of （2）," he recalls. "Someone said packaging was unimportant. I disagreed. The only way to prove it was by selling something nobody would ever want." He searches the streets of Manhattan and typical（3） include broken glass, subway tickets, Starbucks cups and used（4）forks. "Special editions" are offered at a high price. He charged ＄100 for rubbish from the opening day of the New York Yankees stadium. Mr. Gignac denies（5）his customers for fools: "They know what they're getting. They appreciate the fact that they're taking something nobody would want and finding beauty in it." Some（6）customers include people who used to live in the city and want a down to earth souvenir. He claims he has even sold to art collectors. Realizing that the concept appears to be a real moneymaker, Mr. Gignac has（7）a company and is employing his girlfriend as vice president. He（8）to discuss his profit margins: "Its actually quite a lot of effort putting them together-but yet, garbage is free."Mr. Gignac is considering more varieties of souvenirs. He maintains that he has signed（9）with people interested in（10）projects from as far as Berlin and London.

A:surprised B:excited C:encouraged D:interested