Text 3
Science is the never-ending struggle to find truth. You may dismiss this statement as the rambling of an amateur philosopher, but it holds some practical value. Truth is a temporary phenomenon. It is limited by human communication systems, technology, and skills. For example, during the Dark Ages in Europe, the world was perceived as flat. This flatness was acceptable as "truth" because travel and human knowledge of celestial phenomena were so limited that no other concept was needed. A family lived in a small area and confined its activity to a small region. This region appeared to be flat, so for all practical purposes, the earth was flat, too. When travel and exploration became widespread, and especially when ships were able to sail far out on the Atlantic, the vision of a flat earth had to change. Many observations of stars and planets and of ships’movements at sea led to new principles and to a new truth. Those who were in the position to do so could exploit the new truth about the earth’s shape and turn it into riches. The Spanish, knowing they would not fall off the edge of a flat earth, found the New World and brought gold and silver back to Spain.
The situation has not changed much since the Dark Ages. Truth is still sought because it has value, and the scientific method remains the most systematic way of pursuing it. The method starts with a problem. Once the problem is well defined, information that might have an effect on it is gathered. The information is sorted and analyzed, and that which is useful is kept -- to be used as a basis for general principles. In the social sciences, the principles are often used to help formulate policies. The policies ultimately are aimed at removing the problem and improving people’s lives.
In economics (and in other social sciences), the pursuit of truth is slowed because human behavior cannot be subjected to the kinds of controlled experiments that are possible with white rats and guinea pigs. The economist must follow the steps in a search for new truths about economic behavior, but following them is frustrating and often leads up blind alleys. Nevertheless, problems, facts, principles, and policies must be considered in a systematic way.

The writer suggests that the way of finding new truths about economic behavior（）

A:should better be conducted systematically. B:has nothing to do with the way of finding new principles. C:should be opposite to the way of finding economic principles. D:is similar to the way of finding new principles in that both are conducted casually.

When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be--even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--it can hardly be classed as Literature. 　　This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them ;we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will. 　　Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms." 　　This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to__________.

A:determine its purposes B:ignore its flaws C:follow the new fashions D:accept the principles

Text 3 Science is the never-ending struggle to find truth. You may dismiss this statement as the rambling of an amateur philosopher, but it holds some practical value. Truth is a temporary phenomenon. It is limited by human communication systems, technology, and skills. For example, during the Dark Ages in Europe, the world was perceived as flat. This flatness was acceptable as "truth" because travel and human knowledge of celestial phenomena were so limited that no other concept was needed. A family lived in a small area and confined its activity to a small region. This region appeared to be flat, so for all practical purposes, the earth was flat, too. When travel and exploration became widespread, and especially when ships were able to sail far out on the Atlantic, the vision of a flat earth had to change. Many observations of stars and planets and of ships’movements at sea led to new principles and to a new truth. Those who were in the position to do so could exploit the new truth about the earth’s shape and turn it into riches. The Spanish, knowing they would not fall off the edge of a flat earth, found the New World and brought gold and silver back to Spain. The situation has not changed much since the Dark Ages. Truth is still sought because it has value, and the scientific method remains the most systematic way of pursuing it. The method starts with a problem. Once the problem is well defined, information that might have an effect on it is gathered. The information is sorted and analyzed, and that which is useful is kept -- to be used as a basis for general principles. In the social sciences, the principles are often used to help formulate policies. The policies ultimately are aimed at removing the problem and improving people’s lives. In economics (and in other social sciences), the pursuit of truth is slowed because human behavior cannot be subjected to the kinds of controlled experiments that are possible with white rats and guinea pigs. The economist must follow the steps in a search for new truths about economic behavior, but following them is frustrating and often leads up blind alleys. Nevertheless, problems, facts, principles, and policies must be considered in a systematic way.

The writer suggests that the way of finding new truths about economic behavior（）

A:should better be conducted systematically. B:has nothing to do with the way of finding new principles. C:should be opposite to the way of finding economic principles. D:is similar to the way of finding new principles in that both are conducted casually.

University Physics is intended for students of science and engineering. Primary emphasis is on physical principles and problem-solving; historical background and specialized practical applications have been given a place of secondary importance. Many worked-out examples and an extensive collection of problems are included with each chapter.
In this new edition, the basic philosophy and outline and the balance between depth of treatment and breadth of subject-matter coverage are unchanged from previous editions. We have tried to preserve those features that users of previous editions have found desirable, while incorporating a number of changes that should enhance the book’s usefulness.
The textbook is adaptable to a wide variety of course outlines. The entire textbook can be used for an intensive course two or three semesters in length. For a less intensive course, many instructors will want to omit certain chapters or sections to tailor the book to their individual needs. The arrangement of this edition facilitates this kind of flexibility.
Conversely, however, many topics that were regarded a few years ago as of peripheral (外围的、次要的) importance and were omitted from introductory courses have now come to the fore again in the life sciences, earth and space sciences, and environmental problems. An instructor who wishes to stress these kinds of applications will find this textbook a useful source for discussion of the appropriate principles.
In any case, it should be emphasized that instructors should not feel constrained (受约束的) to work straight through the book from cover to cover. Many chapters are, of course, inherently sequential in nature, but within this general limitation instructors should be encouraged to select among the contents those chapters that fit their needs, omitting material that is not relevant to the objectives of a particular course.
One of the features of this textbook is that ______.

A:some contents are dealt with in terms of philosophy B:it has an outline for each chapter C:it introduces the physical principles in great length D:it can be used for different course arrangements

? ?University Physics is intended for students of science and engineering. Primary emphasis is on physical principles and problem-solving; historical background and specialized practical applications have been given a place of secondary importance. Many worked-out examples and an extensive collection of problems are included with each chapter.
? ?In this new edition, the basic philosophy and outline and the balance between depth of treatment and breadth of subject-matter coverage are unchanged from previous editions. We have tried to preserve those features that users of previous editions have found desirable, while incorporating a number of changes that should enhance the book’s usefulness.
? ?The textbook is adaptable to a wide variety of course outlines. The entire textbook can be used for an intensive course two or three semesters in length. For a less intensive course, many instructors will want to omit certain chapters or sections to tailor the book to their individual needs. The arrangement of this edition facilitates this kind of flexibility.
? ?Conversely, however, many topics that were regarded a few years ago as of peripheral (外围的、次要的) importance and were omitted from introductory courses have now come to the fore again in the life sciences, earth and space sciences, and environmental problems. An instructor who wishes to stress these kinds of applications will find this textbook a useful source for discussion of the appropriate principles.
? ?In any case, it should be emphasized that instructors should not feel constrained (受约束的) to work straight through the book from cover to cover. Many chapters are, of course, inherently sequential in nature, but within this general limitation instructors should be encouraged to select among the contents those chapters that fit their needs, omitting material that is not relevant to the objectives of a particular course.

This textbook lays stress on ______.

A:the exposition of physical principles B:the principles of physics and their application C:the development of physics D:the application of physics in different fields

? ?University Physics is intended for students of science and engineering. Primary emphasis is on physical principles and problem-solving; historical background and specialized practical applications have been given a place of secondary importance. Many worked-out examples and an extensive collection of problems are included with each chapter.
? ?In this new edition, the basic philosophy and outline and the balance between depth of treatment and breadth of subject-matter coverage are unchanged from previous editions. We have tried to preserve those features that users of previous editions have found desirable, while incorporating a number of changes that should enhance the book’s usefulness.
? ?The textbook is adaptable to a wide variety of course outlines. The entire textbook can be used for an intensive course two or three semesters in length. For a less intensive course, many instructors will want to omit certain chapters or sections to tailor the book to their individual needs. The arrangement of this edition facilitates this kind of flexibility.
? ?Conversely, however, many topics that were regarded a few years ago as of peripheral (外围的、次要的) importance and were omitted from introductory courses have now come to the fore again in the life sciences, earth and space sciences, and environmental problems. An instructor who wishes to stress these kinds of applications will find this textbook a useful source for discussion of the appropriate principles.
? ?In any case, it should be emphasized that instructors should not feel constrained (受约束的) to work straight through the book from cover to cover. Many chapters are, of course, inherently sequential in nature, but within this general limitation instructors should be encouraged to select among the contents those chapters that fit their needs, omitting material that is not relevant to the objectives of a particular course.

One of the features of this textbook is that ______.

A:some contents are dealt with in terms of philosophy B:it has an outline for each chapter C:it introduces the physical principles in great length D:it can be used for different course arrangements

The principles of writing business letters are( )．

A:correat grammar B:logically connected ideas C:appropriate layout D:suitable style

The principles of writing business letters are ( ).

A:correct grammar B:no punctuation C:appropriate layout D:suitable style