Disease I Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

    Disease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on¹ all its required functions. There are marked variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.

    In order to treat a disease, the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness —that is, make a diagnosis². A diagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put together. The doctor must know the symptoms, which are the changes in body function felt by the patient; and the signs (also called objective symptoms) which the doctor himself can observe. Sometimes a characteristic group of signs (or symptoms) accompanied a given disease. Such a group is called a syndrome. Frequently certain laboratory tests are performed and the results evaluated³ by the physician in making his diagnosis.

     Although nurses do not diagnose, they play an extremely valuable role in this process by observing closely for signs, encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his symptoms, and then reporting this information to the doctor. Once the patient’s disorder is known, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred to as therapy⁴. Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the nurse under the physician’s orders.

    In recent years physicians, nurses and other health workers have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention⁵. Throughout most of medical history, the physician’s aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease⁶. However, the modern concept of prevention seeks to stop disease before it actually happens — to keep people well through the promotion of health. A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World Health Organization (WHO) on an international level down to local private and community health programs⁷. A rapidly growing responsibility of the nursing profession is educating individual patients toward the maintenance of total health — physical and mental.

词汇：

marked / mɑ:kt/  adj.显着的 

syndrome /"sɪndrəʊm/ n. 综合征，症候群
symptom /"sɪmptəm/ n.症候，症状 

therapy /"θerəpɪ/ n.疗法，治疗 

sign /saɪn/ n. 病体；体征

注释：

1.carry sth. on：继续；进行；维持下去
2.make a diagnosis：做出诊断
3....the results evaluated…：此句中在evaluated之前省略了与前面are performed相同的助动词are。
4.also referred to as therapy：也被称为疗法（过去分词短语作a course of treatment的定语）refer to...：谈及，提及refer to sth. /sb. as...：把……称为……例如：Don’t refer to the matter again.不要再提这件事了。We refer to such a science as physiology.我们把这样一门科学称为生理学。
Don’t refer to your brother as a silly cow.不要把你兄弟说成是头笨牛。
5.have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention：在预防方面承担越来越多的责任take sth. on：承担，接受You have taken on too much.你承担的工作太多了。
6.to cure a patient of an existing disease：治疗病人的现有疾病cure sb. of...：给某人治疗（或治愈）某病 例如：This medicine should cure you of your cold.此药准能治好你的感冒。
7.ranging from... health programs：从国际这一级的世界卫生组织一直到下面地区的私人和社区医疗机构（现在分词短语作状语）range from... to...：从……到……的范围（分布或变动）The children’s ages range from 5 to 15.这些孩子小的5岁，大的15岁。Its prices range from twenty to thirty dollars.价钱从20美元到30美元不等。

An effective system of disease prevention and treatment has been established in every country all over the world

A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

Dear Business Leader,
The Walton Chamber of Commerce cordially invites you to a special function on the evening of November 23rd. Charlton Greig, previous CEO of IHB Securities, will deliver a talk at the exclusive Marleybone Club. Mr. Greig has won a number of business awards, including the prestigious World Commerce Federation Gold Star. At the event, he will share his amazing personal story with you, outlining how he overcame a childhood of poverty to become a leading business executive. He will also express his opinions on some of the most important issues in business today. In addition, attendees will also have the opportunity to chat with Mr. Greig over dinner afterwards.
Bear in mind that space at this premier event is extremely limited. The Marleybone Club has room for only 50 attendees, so please contact the Walton Chamber of Commerce secretary, Mary East, at 021990-779 as soon as possible if you are interested in attending. Entry to the event costs $250 per person. A three-course dinner is included in the price of admission.
We look forward to seeing you there!
The Walton Chamber of Commerce

A:He founded a famous company B:He has a lot of experience abroad C:He is from a poor background. D:He established many business awards

Yellow Stone National Park is (one) of the (older) parks in the U.S. It (was established) by (Congress) in 1872.

A:one B:older C:was established D:Congress

Rising China
The China boom is by now a well-documented phenomenon. Who hasn’t heard of the Middle Kingdom’s astounding economic growth (8 percent annually), its mesmerizing(令人目瞪口呆的) (51) market (1.2 billion people), the investment ardor of foreign suitors( $ 40 billion in foreign direct investment last year (52) ) China is an economic juggernaut(主宰). (53) Nicholas Lardy of the Brookings Institution, a Washington D. C.-based think tank, "No country has expanded its foreign trade as fast as China over the last 20 years. Japan doubled its foreign trade over (54) ; (55) foreign trade as quintupled. They’re become the preeminent producer of labor-intensive manufacturing goods in the world". But there’s been (56) from the dazzling China growth story—namely, the Chinese multinational. No major Chinese companies have (57) established themselves, or their brands, on the global stage. But as Haler shows, that is starting to change. (58) 100 years of poverty and chaos, of being overshadowed by foreign countries and multinationals, Chinese industrial companies are starting to (59) on the world.
A new generation of large and credible firms (60) in China in the electronics, appliance and even high-tech sectors. Some have reached critical mass on the main land and (61) new outlets for their production—through exports and by building Chinese factories abroad, chiefly in Southeast Asia. One example: China’s investment in Malaysia soared from $ 8 million in 2000 to $ 766 million in the first half of this year. (62) China’s export prowess(杰出的才能 ), it will be years (63) Chinese firms achieve the managerial and operational expertise of Western and Japanese multinationals. For one thing, many of its best companies are still at least partially state-owned. (64) , China has a shortage of managerial talent and little notion of marketing and brand-building. Its companies are also (65) by the country’s tong tradition of central planning, inefficient use of capital and antiquated distribution system, which makes building national companies a challenge.

A:has set up B:has established C:has emerged D:is emerged

This hotel has established a very good reputation.

A:system B:name C:relation D:leadership

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

A:has set up B:has established C:has emerged D:is emerged