“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning

In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, an European research group has found that people drinking alcohol out side of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food.¹ Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies² and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.

After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals³ faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus, when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal⁴ cancer. “Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites⁵ traced to smoking or drinking⁶ by the study volunteers,” Dal Maso says. The discouraging news, his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn’t eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.

For their new analyst, the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups, based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week⁷. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to⁸ 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day.⁹ Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people in the lowestconsumption group, participants who. drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx¹⁰. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the highe consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.

People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake, with-meals-only group¹¹ was only triple that¹² in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.

“Alcohol can inflame tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer.” Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol of those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol.

 

词汇:
avity /kævɪtɪ/n. 口腔

pharynx / ˈfærɪŋks / n.咽 

pharyngeal /  fəˈrɪndʒiəl / adj.咽的
esophagus / ɪ"sɒfəɡəs / n.食管 

esophageal  / ˌi:sə"fædʒɪəl / adj.食管的
larynx / ˈlærɪŋks / n.喉 

scrub / skrʌb / v.擦净，擦掉

pharyngeal / fəˈrɪndʒiəl / adj.咽的
esophagus / ɪ"sɒfəɡəs / n.食管

esophageal / ˌi:sə"fædʒɪəl / adj.食管的

larynx / ˈlærɪŋks / n.喉

scrub / skrʌb / v.擦净，擦掉

 

注释:

1. ... than do those taking their libations with food:这是一个倒装句，其正常语序为 than those taking their libations with food do。这里的 do是一个代词，代替上半句中的 have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck。

2. drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies:取自四项癌症研究的 1500个病例的饮酒习惯模式

3. downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals:在就餐时间以外灌下大量烈酒。 down:在此作动词用，意为:“喝下，灌下” ;significant:意为“large in amount”，（大量的 )。

4. laryngeal: larynx (喉)的形容词形式。

5. these four sites:指该段前两句提到的 oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, larynx。

6. traced to smoking or drinking:根源就是抽烟或喝酒。 trace to:回溯到…

7. in an average week:平均每星期

8. up to:高达

9. 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day:每周 56杯，平均每天 8杯以上。 eight后省略了 serving意为“（食物或饮料的）一份”。

10. for all sites other than the larynx:除喉以外的全部部位。 other than:除了。

11. high-intake, with-meals-only group: (酒精)高摄入、仅在就餐时饮酒的（实验）组。high-intake和 with-meals-only在此都是合成形容词，修饰 group。

12. was only triple that:是它的三倍。 that指该句前半句中的 laryngeal cancer risk。

Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about “drinking with meals”?

A:It has a lower risk of cancer than drinking without food. B:It may also be a cause of cancer. C:It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites. D:It does not eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.

“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning

    In  what may be bad news for bars and pubs，a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food¹ Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies² and another 3，500 adults who had never had cancer.

    After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals³ faced at least  50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus, when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal⁴ cancer. “ Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites⁵ traced to smoking or drinking6 by the study volunteers，” Dal Maso says. The discouraging news, his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn’t eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.

     For their new analysis，the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups，based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week⁷. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to⁸ 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day.⁹ Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people in the lowest-consumption group, participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx¹⁰. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.

    People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake, with-meals-only group¹¹ was only triple that¹² in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.

     “Alcohol can inflame tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer. ” Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol.

 

词汇：

cavity / "kævətɪ /n.腔

pharynx/ "færɪŋks/ n.咽

pharyngeal / fəˈrɪndʒiəl /adj.咽的
esophagus/ ɪ"sɒfəɡəs/ n.食管

esophageal / ˌi:sə"fædʒɪəl/adj.食管的
larynx / ˈlærɪŋks /n.喉

scrub / skrʌb /v.擦净，擦掉

triple ["trɪpl]adj.三倍的，n.三部; .v成三倍; 

serving[ˈsə:viŋ] n.（食物或饮料的）一份

inflame[ɪn"fleɪm] v. 使发炎; 

digestive-tract tissue 消化道组织

quadruple[kwɒ"dru:pl]v.成四倍,adj.四倍的

laryngeal[ləˈrɪndʒiəl]adj.喉的

 

注释：

1. …than do those taking their libations with food：这是一个倒装句，其正常语序为than those taking their libations with food do。这里的do是一个代词，代替上半句中的have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck。
2.drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies ：取自四项癌症研究的1，500 个病例的饮酒习惯模式
3.downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals：在就餐时间以外灌下大量烈酒。down：在此作动词用，意为：“喝下，灌下”；significant：意为“large in amount”（大量的）。
4.laryngeal：larynx (喉）的形容词形式。
5.these four sites：指该段前两句提到的oral cavity，pharynx, esophagus, larynx。
6.traced to smoking or drinking：根源就是抽烟或喝酒。trace to:回溯到……
7.in an average week：平均每星期
8.up to：高达
9.56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day：每周56 杯，平均每天8杯以上。eight后省略了servings意为“(食物或饮料的）一份”。
10.for all sites other than the larynx：除喉以外的全部部位。other than：除了。
11.high-intake, with-meals-only group：(酒精）高摄入、仅在就餐时饮酒的（实验）组。high-intake和with-meals-only在此都是合成形容词，修饰group。
12.was only triple that：是它的三倍。that 指该句前半句中的laryngeal cancer risk。

Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about “drinking with meals”?

A:It has a lower risk of cancer than drinking without food B:It may also be a cause of cancer C:It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites D:It does not eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites

In the dining room of my grandfather’s house stood his heavy dock. Meals in the dining room were a (16) for our four generations to become one. My grandfather’s clock always stood like a trusted old family friend, (17) us playing jokes and telling stories, which was already a (18) of our life.
When I was a child, the old clock interested me. I watched and listened to it during (19) I was surprised how at (20) times of the day, the clock would strike three times, six times or more, with a wonderful great (21) that echoed throughout the house. The clock chimed year after year, a part of my (22) , a part of my heart.
Even more (23) to me was my grandfather’s special action each day. He meticulously (24) the clock with a special key each day. The key was magic to me. It (25) our family’s magnificent clock ticking and striking all year round.
Ⅱ．完型填空/Cloze

A:stories B:jokes C:periods D:meals

In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food. Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3.500 adults who had never had cancer.
After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus, when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 50 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer. "Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study volunteers, " Dal Maso says. The discouraging news. his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn’t eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.
For their new analysis, the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups. based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day. Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people in the lowest-consumption group, participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.
People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer. 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer. and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake, with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.
"Alcohol can inflame tissues. Over time. that inflammation can trigger cancer. " Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol.
Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with people ______.

A:who drink alcohol outside of meals B:who drink alcohol at meals C:who never drink alcohol D:who drink alcohol at bars and pubs

第一篇“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food. Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3, 500 adults who had never had cancer. After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus, when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer. “Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study volunteers,” Dal Maso says. The discouraging news, his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn’t eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites. For their new analysis, the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups, based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day. Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people in the lowest-consumption group, participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers. People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake, with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals. “Alcohol can inflame tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer.” Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol.Who are more likely to develop cancer in the mouth and neck?

A:People who drink alcohol at meals. B:People who never drink alcohol. C:People who drink alcohol outside of meals. D:People who drink alcohol at bars and pubs.

In the dining room of my grandfather’s house stood his heavy dock. Meals in the dining room were a (16) for our four generations to become one. My grandfather’s clock always stood like a trusted old family friend, (17) us playing jokes and telling stories, which was already a (18) of our life.
When I was a child, the old clock interested me. I watched and listened to it during (19) I was surprised how at (20) times of the day, the clock would strike three times, six times or more, with a wonderful great (21) that echoed throughout the house. The clock chimed year after year, a part of my (22) , a part of my heart.
Even more (23) to me was my grandfather’s special action each day. He meticulously (24) the clock with a special key each day. The key was magic to me. It (25) our family’s magnificent clock ticking and striking all year round.
Ⅱ．完型填空/Cloze

A:stories B:jokes C:periods D:meals

In the dining room of my grandfather’s house stood his heavy dock. Meals in the dining room were a (16) for our four generations to become one. My grandfather’s clock always stood like a trusted old family friend, (17) us playing jokes and telling stories, which was already a (18) of our life.
When I was a child, the old clock interested me. I watched and listened to it during (19) I was surprised how at (20) times of the day, the clock would strike three times, six times or more, with a wonderful great (21) that echoed throughout the house. The clock chimed year after year, a part of my (22) , a part of my heart.
Even more (23) to me was my grandfather’s special action each day. He meticulously (24) the clock with a special key each day. The key was magic to me. It (25) our family’s magnificent clock ticking and striking all year round.
Ⅱ．完型填空/Cloze

A:stories B:jokes C:periods D:meals