Risk spreading风险分摊

Can computer viruses ever be a force for progress In the wild west of the online world, the archetypal baddies are computer viruses and worms. These self-replicating programs are notorious for wreaking havoc in the systems of unwary users. But, as in the west, not all gunslingers wear black hats. Some virus writers wish their fellow users well, and have been spreading viruses that are designed to do good, not harm.
Cheese Worm, which appeared a few weeks ago, attempts to fix computers that have been compromised by the Lion Worm. The Lion Worm is dangerous. It infects computers that use the Linux operating system, and creates multiple "backdoors" into the infected computer. It then e-mails information about these backdoors to people who wish to misuse that computer for nefarious purposes such as "denial of service" attacks on websites. (Such attacks bombard a site with so many simultaneous requests for access that it comes out with its hands up.)
That might sound like a good thing. So might VBS. Noped. A @ mm. This virus, which arrives as an e-mail attachment, searches a user’s hard drive for specific files which the (unknown) virus writer believes contain child pornography. If the virus finds any files on the proscribed list, it e-mails a copy of the file in question to a random recipient from a list of American government agencies, with an explanatory note.
The notion of "good" viruses may sound novel; but, according to Vesselin Bontchev, a virus expert with Frisk Software International in Iceland, it is not. However, early attempts to create beneficial viruses—for example, programs that compressed or encrypted files without asking a user’s permission—were resented, because they represented a loss of control over a user’s computer, and a diversion of data-processing resources. Inoculating computers against infection sounds like a good idea, but fails because any unauthorised changes are suspicious.
Cheese Worm, even though it is designed to help the user whose disk it ends up on, suffers from the same objection. And VBS. Noped. A @ mm, whatever social benefits its author might think it has, is not even meant to do that. If it works, it will harm the user rather than help him. It is little more than cyber-vigilantism. Appropriate to the wild west, perhaps, but if cyberspace is to be civilised, other solutions will have to be found.
From the passage we can infer that ______.

A:computer viruses might be a force for progress B:computers are full of viruses and worms C:computers are wild in the west D:viruses are spreading online

Can computer viruses ever be a force for progress In the wild west of the online world, the archetypal baddies are computer viruses and worms. These self-replicating programs are notorious for wreaking havoc in the systems of unwary users. But, as in the west, not all gunslingers wear black hats. Some virus writers wish their fellow users well, and have been spreading viruses that are designed to do good, not harm.
Cheese Worm, which appeared a few weeks ago, attempts to fix computers that have been compromised by the Lion Worm. The Lion Worm is dangerous. It infects computers that use the Linux operating system, and creates multiple "backdoors" into the infected computer. It then e-mails information about these backdoors to people who wish to misuse that computer for nefarious purposes such as "denial of service" attacks on websites. (Such attacks bombard a site with so many simultaneous requests for access that it comes out with its hands up.)
That might sound like a good thing. So might VBS. Noped. A @ mm. This virus, which arrives as an e-mail attachment, searches a user’s hard drive for specific files which the (unknown) virus writer believes contain child pornography. If the virus finds any files on the proscribed list, it e-mails a copy of the file in question to a random recipient from a list of American government agencies, with an explanatory note.
The notion of "good" viruses may sound novel; but, according to Vesselin Bontchev, a virus expert with Frisk Software International in Iceland, it is not. However, early attempts to create beneficial viruses—for example, programs that compressed or encrypted files without asking a user’s permission—were resented, because they represented a loss of control over a user’s computer, and a diversion of data-processing resources. Inoculating computers against infection sounds like a good idea, but fails because any unauthorised changes are suspicious.
Cheese Worm, even though it is designed to help the user whose disk it ends up on, suffers from the same objection. And VBS. Noped. A @ mm, whatever social benefits its author might think it has, is not even meant to do that. If it works, it will harm the user rather than help him. It is little more than cyber-vigilantism. Appropriate to the wild west, perhaps, but if cyberspace is to be civilised, other solutions will have to be found.
The purpose of the author in writing the text is to ______.

A:welcome "good" viruses B:illustrate the nature of "good" viruses C:expose the harm of "good" viruses D:condemn the misbehavior of spreading viruses

Can computer viruses ever be a force for progress In the wild west of the online world, the archetypal baddies are computer viruses and worms. These self-replicating programs are notorious for wreaking havoc in the systems of unwary users. But, as in the west, not all gunslingers wear black hats. Some virus writers wish their fellow users well, and have been spreading viruses that are designed to do good, not harm.
Cheese Worm, which appeared a few weeks ago, attempts to fix computers that have been compromised by the Lion Worm. The Lion Worm is dangerous. It infects computers that use the Linux operating system, and creates multiple "backdoors" into the infected computer. It then e-mails information about these backdoors to people who wish to misuse that computer for nefarious purposes such as "denial of service" attacks on websites. (Such attacks bombard a site with so many simultaneous requests for access that it comes out with its hands up.)
That might sound like a good thing. So might VBS. Noped. A @ mm. This virus, which arrives as an e-mail attachment, searches a user’s hard drive for specific files which the (unknown) virus writer believes contain child pornography. If the virus finds any files on the proscribed list, it e-mails a copy of the file in question to a random recipient from a list of American government agencies, with an explanatory note.
The notion of "good" viruses may sound novel; but, according to Vesselin Bontchev, a virus expert with Frisk Software International in Iceland, it is not. However, early attempts to create beneficial viruses—for example, programs that compressed or encrypted files without asking a user’s permission—were resented, because they represented a loss of control over a user’s computer, and a diversion of data-processing resources. Inoculating computers against infection sounds like a good idea, but fails because any unauthorised changes are suspicious.
Cheese Worm, even though it is designed to help the user whose disk it ends up on, suffers from the same objection. And VBS. Noped. A @ mm, whatever social benefits its author might think it has, is not even meant to do that. If it works, it will harm the user rather than help him. It is little more than cyber-vigilantism. Appropriate to the wild west, perhaps, but if cyberspace is to be civilised, other solutions will have to be found.

A:computer viruses might be a force for progress B:computers are full of viruses and worms C:computers are wild in the west D:viruses are spreading online

Passage One
Wild and farm birds often get a flu virus. Yet they usually are able to carry the virus without getting sick.
In 1997 six people in Hong Kong died of a different kind of bird flu virus. It is called the h-five-n-one virus. The Hong Kong government quickly ordered the killing of all farm birds there. That stopped the spread of h-five-n-one to people in Hong Kong.
Yet the virus bad already spread to other parts of Asia. It was found in 16 countries between 2003 and 2006.
The h-five-n-one virus first appeared in Africa. This raised many concerns about the spread of the disease. Scientists do not know exactly how bird flu came to Africa. At first, they thought wild birds were to blame. Now, officials with the U. N. Food and Agriculture Organization believe the main cause is trade in farm birds.
The bird flu virus is found in the waste and liquids of infected birds. The virus spreads when healthy birds or people touch sick birds or nay infected (被感染了的) part of sick birds. Right now, the virus is not spreading among person to person. But the virus could change and start spreading among people. Health officials believe that it is even more possible now that bird flu has spread in Africa, and that is why international organizations are working so hard to stop its spread.
The best way to stop the spread of bird flu is to kill all the chickens in an area where bird flu has been discovered. More than 145 000 chickens have been killed in Nigeria since bird fin was first found one year ago.

A:the trade of farm birds B:the waste and liquids of infected birds C:the fact that sortie people touched sick birds or any infected part of sick birds D:the virus changed and started spreading in some new forms

We tried to stop the flames from spreading，but we knew it was______(hope)．

As the Spanish Flu was spreading,people in Australia were worried.

A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned