Microchip Research Center Created

    A research center has been set up in this Far Eastern country to develop advanced micro-chip production technology. The center, which will start out with about US $14 million, will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.

    The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants. The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country’s flagship chipmaker.¹ Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes. Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology providers are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance².

    As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years³,plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while⁴ plants with outdated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker.

    More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of US dollars.⁵ The majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners — mainly from Japan and Singapore.

    Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry,⁶ the country admits the US $14 million investment is still rather small. This country is developing comprehensive technologies. Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property⁷ owners.

 

词汇：

microchip / ’maɪkrə(ʊ)tʃɪp/ n．微芯片

flagship / ’flægʃɪp/n．（用作定语）首位，最好mainstream / ’meɪnstri:m / n．主流

marginalize / ’mɑ:dʒɪnəlaɪz /v．忽视，边缘化

vendor / ’vendɔ:(r), -də(r) / n．卖主

 

注释：

1．The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country’s flagship chipmaker：这个国家名列首位的芯片制造公司说，芯片中心的成立可能使这个国家摆脱从他国购买即将淘汰的技术的困境。

（1）free ... from ... ：把……从……解放出来

（2）situation that = situation in which

（3）said the country’s flagship chipmaker：把“谁说的”放在句末，是为了突出“The advent ... other countries”所表达的事实。注意放在句末时用的是倒装句：said the country’s flagship chipmaker。

2．self-reliance：自力更生

3．every three to five years：每隔3～5年

4．while：而（表示对比）

5．More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of US dollars：十几个芯片厂正在建设之中，每一个厂的造价都在几百万美元。

each costing millions of US dollars是独立分词结构，用作状语，进一步说明情况。

6．Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry：如果新建的芯片中心能在改善该国在芯片行业的（被动）形势中起重要作用……

Should…in the industry是虚拟条件句，也可写成If the new center should play a major role in improving the situation in the industry ...

7．intellectual property：知识产权

 

Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.

A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

Dangerous Sunshine to Children

    Two United Nations¹ agencies warned on Tuesday that children are most at risk of developing skin cancers as a result of the long-term decline in the earth"s protective ozone layer. The agencies, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the UN Environmental Programme (UNEP)², issued the warning as they launched a global programme aimed at alerting schools to the dangers of exposure to the sun.

    "As ozone depletion becomes more marked, and as people around the world engage more in sun-seeking behaviour, the risk of health complications from over-exposure to ultra-violet radiation is becoming a substantial public health concern," said WHO Director-general³ Lee Jong-wook. By reducing the time children and adolescents are exposed to direct sunlight, he said： "We can substantially reduce the risk of contracting skin cancers，cataracts and other conditions⁴ which might only appear much later in life. ”

    In its 2002 World Health Report, the WHO said around the world an average of 66,000 people died every year from melanoma or other types of skin cancer. Independent scientific research shows that every year there are between two to three million new cases of non-malignant melanoma and around 130,000 malignant — and normally fatal 一 new full-blown skin cancer cases.

    Although most known skin cancers seemed to occur in the industrialized world, WHO radiation and environmental health specialist Mike Repacholi told a news conference⁵，there were many cases believed to be unreported in poorer countries. Although people with darker skins were less susceptible to⁶ skin cancers, they were just as likely to contract eye cataracts as fairer-skinned populations，and people living close to the equator were even more likely to develop them.

    As for the protection method, the WHO said that under the school plan, dubbed the Intersun Project⁷，the two agencies will distribute packages showing teachers how to develop their own sun education programmes, the WHO said. In a joint statement from the two agencies which also marked the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, UNEP Executive Director⁸ Klaus Toepfer said latest studies showed the protective shield was on the road to⁹ recovery. This was the result of international agreements over the past two decades to phase out¹⁰ use of various chemicals 一 like those used in some pesticides, refrigerators and aerosols.

    “ But we must remain vigilant and more needs to be done before we can say that the problem is solved for good¹¹，” said Toepfer. This included stopping illegal trade in banned chemicals and enforcing the agreements in developing countries. ” Only then can we . say that the sky above our heads will be safe for our children and their children to come, the former German environment minister said.

　　

词汇：

protective / prə"tektɪv/adj.保护的，防护的 

melanoma/ ˌmelə"nəʊmə/n. 黑素瘤

ozone/ ˈəʊzəʊn/n. 臭氧 

non-malignant  非恶性的

alert/ ə"lɜ:t/vt. 向……发出警报；使警觉 

malignant/ məˈlɪgnənt/adj. 恶性的

depletion / dɪ"pli:ʃn/n.耗尽 

full-blown / ˈfʊlˈbləʊn/adj.成熟的

complication / ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn/n.并发症，并发病 

fairer-skinned 肤色较浅的

ultra-violet 紫外线 

dub/ dʌb/vt. 给……起外号

radiation/ ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/n. 放射，辐射

preservation/ ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/n保护

substantial / səb"stænʃl/adj.重大的 

shield / ʃi:ld/n.屏，障；防护物，护罩

contract / "kɒntrækt/vt.患病；感染（恶习等）

aerosol / ˈeərəˌsɔ:l/n.烟，雾；烟雾剂

cataract/ "kætərækt/n. 白内障

vigilant/ ˈvɪdʒɪlənt/adj. 警惕的，警醒的

enforce/ ɪn"fɔ:s/vt. 实施，执行

 

注释：

1.United Nations (UN):联合国

2. World Health Organization (WHO)：世界卫生组织

UN Environmental Programme (UNEP)：联合国环境规划署

3.WHd Director-general:世界卫生组织总干事

4.condition：在医学文献中常常用来指“疾病”。

5.a news/press conference:记者招待会

6.susceptible to:对……易感的，容易受到…… 的

7.the Intersun Project:(世界卫生组织)保护儿童免受紫外线辐射的规划

8.UNEP Executive Director:联合国环境规划署执行主任

9.on the road to:在去……的旅途中

10.phase out:分阶段（逐步）结束

11.for good (and all)：永久地；决定性地

What people are more likely to develop eye cataracts?

A:Fairer-skinned people B:Darker-skinned people C:People living near the equator D:People living near the poles

 

The“standard of living”of any country means the average person’s share of the goods and services the country produces．A country’s standard of living，therefore， (51) first on its capacity to produce wealth．“Wealth”in this (52) is not money，for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy：“goods”such as food and clothing，and“services”such as transport and entertainment．
A country’s capacity to (53) wealth depends upon many factors，most of (54) have an effect on one another．Wealth depends (55) a great extent upon a country’s natural resources．Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals，and have fertile(肥沃的)soil and a favorable climate；other regions (56) none of them． Next to natural resources comes the ability to (57) them to use．China is perhaps as rich as the USA in natural resources，but suffered for many years (58) civil and external wars，and for this and other (59) was unable to develop her resources．Sound and stable political conditions，and (60) from foreign invasions，enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily，and to produce more (61) than another country equally welt favored by nature but less well ordered． A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and (62) within its own borders，but also upon what is directly produced through international trade．For example，Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural (63) would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home．Trade makes it possible for her surplus(剩余的) manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products (64) would otherwise be lacking．A country’s wealth is，therefore，much influenced by its manufacturing capacity， (65) that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures．

56（）

A:contribute B:possess C:attract D:develop

The "standard of living" of any country means the average person’s share of the goods and services the country produces. A country’s standard of living, therefore (51) first on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this (52) is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and entertainment.
A country’s capacity to (53) wealth depends upon many factors, most of (54) have an effect on one another. Wealth depends (55) a great extent upon a country’s natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions (56) none of them. Next to natural resources comes the ability to (57) them to use. China is perhaps as rich as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years (58) civil and external wars and for this and other (59) was unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and (60) from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more (61) than another country equally well favored by nature but less well ordered.
A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and (62) within its own borders, but also upon what is directly produced through international trade, for example, Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural (63) would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus (过剩的) manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products (64) would otherwise be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity (65) that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

A:contribute B:possess C:attract D:develop

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

A:contribute B:possess C:attract D:develop

C Reading is the key to success. Apparently every successful person develops a passion for reading this is because reding is a key elemengt to obtain the information required to understand something For instance lanyers have to study and learn every established law on their specific branches. Sometimes the law changes according to people’s needs. A good lawyer has to be informed with the latest news in the court . A doctor has to be informed of the latest advances in medicine. Reading is very important for all mankind Everything is relatve in this world especially reading. Reading can open many doors and it can lead you into a pathof success studes have confirmed that reading to your unborn child is very good this way your child will develop a passinon for reading later o. How do you develop a passion for readingthere is only one way you can boost your passion for reading. Let me explain this to you If you want to learn how to ride abike, you have to get on the bike as many times as possible. Untily you have learned. If works the same way with reading If you want to boost your reading, take a book and read it all the way through when you finish reading your first book, take another book and do the same Try to read as much as you can. If you are going out,grab a magazine, a book, an article or something to read. There is a very important factor behing the reading reading comprehension. It’s what makes you understand the meaning behind the text. Let’s assume that you read a document and you are supposed a explain the meaning of the meaning of the document How would you expain the document, if you could’t capture the message of the authorThe first two paragraphs mainly talk about （ ）

A:The key to success. B:The importance of reading C:What reading comprehension is D:How to develop a passion for reading,

C Reading is the key to success. Apparently every successful person develops a passion for reading this is because reding is a key elemengt to obtain the information required to understand something For instance lanyers have to study and learn every established law on their specific branches. Sometimes the law changes according to people’s needs. A good lawyer has to be informed with the latest news in the court . A doctor has to be informed of the latest advances in medicine. Reading is very important for all mankind Everything is relatve in this world especially reading. Reading can open many doors and it can lead you into a pathof success studes have confirmed that reading to your unborn child is very good this way your child will develop a passinon for reading later o. How do you develop a passion for readingthere is only one way you can boost your passion for reading. Let me explain this to you If you want to learn how to ride abike, you have to get on the bike as many times as possible. Untily you have learned. If works the same way with reading If you want to boost your reading, take a book and read it all the way through when you finish reading your first book, take another book and do the same Try to read as much as you can. If you are going out,grab a magazine, a book, an article or something to read. There is a very important factor behing the reading reading comprehension. It’s what makes you understand the meaning behind the text. Let’s assume that you read a document and you are supposed a explain the meaning of the meaning of the document How would you expain the document, if you could’t capture the message of the authorThe first two paragraphs mainly talk about （ ）

A:The key to success. B:The importance of reading C:What reading comprehension is D:How to develop a passion for reading,

C Reading is the key to success. Apparently every successful person develops a passion for reading this is because reding is a key elemengt to obtain the information required to understand something For instance lanyers have to study and learn every established law on their specific branches. Sometimes the law changes according to people’s needs. A good lawyer has to be informed with the latest news in the court . A doctor has to be informed of the latest advances in medicine. Reading is very important for all mankind Everything is relatve in this world especially reading. Reading can open many doors and it can lead you into a pathof success studes have confirmed that reading to your unborn child is very good this way your child will develop a passinon for reading later o. How do you develop a passion for readingthere is only one way you can boost your passion for reading. Let me explain this to you If you want to learn how to ride abike, you have to get on the bike as many times as possible. Untily you have learned. If works the same way with reading If you want to boost your reading, take a book and read it all the way through when you finish reading your first book, take another book and do the same Try to read as much as you can. If you are going out,grab a magazine, a book, an article or something to read. There is a very important factor behing the reading reading comprehension. It’s what makes you understand the meaning behind the text. Let’s assume that you read a document and you are supposed a explain the meaning of the meaning of the document How would you expain the document, if you could’t capture the message of the authorThe first two paragraphs mainly talk about （ ）

A:The key to success. B:The importance of reading C:What reading comprehension is D:How to develop a passion for reading,