The Making of a Success Story 　　

    1 IKEA is the world"s largest furniture retailer, and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world"s most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Swedenin 1926, Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches, seeds, and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business一IKEA.

    2 IKEA"s name comes from Kamprad"s initials (I.K.) and the place where he grew up ("E" and "A"). Today IKEA is known for its modern, minimalist furniture¹, but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprad"s wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices², including watches, pens and stockings.

    3 IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The furniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad"s home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.

    4 In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom inAlmhult,Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture iti attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelmiig: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture.

    5 In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: flat packaging³. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion.

    6 Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the world"s richest man. He currently lives inSwitzerlandand is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself, though, just keeps on growing. 　　

词汇： 　　

entrepreneur /,entrəprə"nə:/ n.企业家 　　

ware /weə/ n.货物 　　

minimalist /"miniməlist / adj.最简单的 　　

self-sufficiency /"self-sə"fiʃənsi/ n.自足 　

注释： 　　

1. minimalist furniture：风格简约的家具 　　

2. discounted prices：折扣价 　　

3. flat packaging：平板包装 　

A.  IKEA began as a small store selling all kinds of cheap things.
B.  it is highly welcomed by both
C.  Ingvar Kamprad showed interest in and talent for doing business.
D.  he lives happily in retirement
E.  here they can see and try the furniture they are going to buy.
F. Ingvar successfully manages the company all by himself

Even when he was only a child, _________.

A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F

The Making of a Success Story 　　

    1 IKEA is the world"s largest furniture retailer, and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world"s most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Swedenin 1926, Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches, seeds, and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business一IKEA.

    2 IKEA"s name comes from Kamprad"s initials (I.K.) and the place where he grew up ("E" and "A"). Today IKEA is known for its modern, minimalist furniture¹, but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprad"s wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices², including watches, pens and stockings.

    3 IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The furniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad"s home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.

    4 In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom inAlmhult,Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture iti attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelmiig: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture.

    5 In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: flat packaging³. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion.

    6 Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the world"s richest man. He currently lives inSwitzerlandand is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself, though, just keeps on growing. 　　

词汇： 　　

entrepreneur /,entrəprə"nə:/ n.企业家 　　

ware /weə/ n.货物 　　

minimalist /"miniməlist / adj.最简单的 　　

self-sufficiency /"self-sə"fiʃənsi/ n.自足 　

注释： 　　

1. minimalist furniture：风格简约的家具 　　

2. discounted prices：折扣价 　　

3. flat packaging：平板包装 　

A.  IKEA began as a small store selling all kinds of cheap things.
B.  it is highly welcomed by both
C.  Ingvar Kamprad showed interest in and talent for doing business.
D.  he lives happily in retirement
E.  here they can see and try the furniture they are going to buy.
F. Ingvar successfully manages the company all by himself

_________, and years later became a big company specialized in manufacturing and selling of furniture.

A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F

Smoke Gets in Your Mind

    1. Lung cancer, hypertension, heart disease, birth defects—we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern. Mental illnes. According to some controversial new findings, if smoking does not kill you, it may, quite litter, drive you to despair。

    2.The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety. But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth: that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders, panic attacks and depression, perhaps even schizophrenia.

    3.Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide. Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke, and up to 88 per cent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia smokers. A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness.

    4.But the big question is why? The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking, or smoke more to alleviate some of their distress. Even when smoking seems to start before the illness, most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up¹. But perhaps something more sinister is going on.

    5.A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause, not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety. “We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health, and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness,” says Naomi Breslau, director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.

    6.Breslauwas one of the first to consider this heretical possibility. The hint came from studies, published in 1998, which followed a group² of just over 1,000 young adults for a five-year period. The 13 per cent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study, though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smoking before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period Smoking, it seems, could pre-date illness.

    7.At firstBreslauconcluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed. But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link, she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking, perhaps the nicotine itself, could somehow affect the brain and cause depression.

    8.One of these larger studies was led by Goodman, a pediatrician. She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. the first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed, and might or might not have been smokers, while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month. After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers, previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour, not the depression itself³. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non-smoking peers. Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens. “Current cigarette use is however, a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms.”

    9.Breslau, too, finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers. It’s a hard message to get across⁴, because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit, not when they smoke. ButBreslausays that this is a short-lived effect of withdrawal which masks the reality that, in general, smokers have higher anxiety levels than non-smokers or ex-smokers.

词汇：

hypertension /ihaipa丨ten J(3)n/ n.高血压

schizophrenia /jskitss"friims/ n.精字申分裂症

psychotic /sai"kotik/ adj.精神分裂的

alleviate /a"liivieit/ v.减轻

sinister "sinister) / adj.不祥的

clinical /"khmk^l/ adj.临床的

heretical /hi丨retik(3)l/ adj.异端的

prompt /prompt/ v.促使

nicotine / 丨ndra丨tiin/ n.

paediatrician /ipiidis"tn^n/ n.儿禾斗医生

注释：

1.Even when smoking seems to start before the illness, most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up.即使病人是在得病之前就开始抽烟的，但 大多数医生相信早期一些没有觉察到的症状使病人产生了抽烟的欲望.

2.... studies ... which followed a group ...:…对一组……作跟踪的调查

3.... although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers, previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour, not the depression itself.：……虽然情绪抑郁的少年更有可能成为瘾君子，但究其原因却往往是以前有过尝试 抽烟这样的经历，而不是情绪抑郁本身所致。

Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4 Paragraph 6 Paragraph 8

4.It"s a hard message to get across. :这个信息很难让人理解。

A. have been proved to be misleading

B. but to their mental health as well

C. taking up smoking

D. involved fewer people

E. they started to smoke at an early age

Nowadays many doctors have become aware that smoking is not only a hazard to people’s physical health ___________.

A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F

(Writing) in a terse, lucid style, the book (describes) the (author's) childhood experiences in Louisiana (just before) the outbreak of the Civil War.

A:Writing B:describes C:author's D:just before

(Writing) in a terse, lucid style, the book (describes) the (author's) childhood experiences in Louisiana (just before) the outbreak of the Civil War.

A:Writing B:describes C:author's D:just before

(Writing) in a terse, lucid style, the book (describes) the (author's) childhood experiences in Louisiana (just before) the outbreak of the Civil War.

A:Writing B:describes C:author's D:just before