The ______ waiter came up to us and said, "You are welcome."
A:smiling B:smiled C:smile D:to smile
Louis Armstrong sang, "When you’re smiling, the whole world smiles with you." Romantics everywhere may be surprised to learn that psychological research has proven this sentiment to be true--merely seeing a smile (or a frown, for that matter) will acti- vate the muscles in our face that make that expression, even if we are unaware of it. Now, according to a new study in Psychological Science, simply reading certain words may also have the same effect.
Psychologists Francesco Foroni from VU University Amsterdam and Gun R. Semin from the University of Utrecht conducted two experiments to see if emotion language has an influence on facial muscle activity. In the first experiment, a group of students read a series of emotion verbs (e.g., "to smile," "to cry") and adjectives (e.g., "funny," "frustrating") on a monitor, while the activity of their zygomatic major (the muscle responsible for smiles) and corrugator supercilii (which causes frowns) muscles were measured. The results showed that reading action verbs activated the corresponding muscles. For example, "to laugh" resulted in activation of the zygomatic major muscle, but did not cause any response in the muscles responsible for frowning. Interestingly, when presented with the emotion adjectives like "funny" or "frustrating" the volunteers demonstrated much lower muscle activation compared to their reactions to emotion verbs. The researchers note that muscle activity is "induced in the reader when reading verbs representing facial expressions of emotion."
Can this natural bodily reaction affect our judgments In another experiment, volunteers watched a series of cartoons and were unconsciously shown emotion verbs and adjectives after each one. They were then asked to rate how funny they thought the cartoons were. Half of the participants held a pen with their lips, to prevent them from smiling, while the remaining participants did not have their muscle movement blocked. The results reveal that even when emotion verbs are presented unconsciously, they are able to influence judgment--volun- teers found cartoons to be funnier when they were preceded by smiling verbs than if they were preceded by frowning-related verbs. However, this effect only occurred in the volunteers who were able to smile--volunteers who had muscle movement blocked did not show this relationship between emotion verbs and how funny they judged the cartoons as being.
The results of these experiments reveal that simply reading emotion verbs activates specific facial muscles and can influence judgments we make. The researchers note these findings suggest that "language is not merely symbolic, but also somatic," and they conclude that "these experiments provide an important bridge between research on the neurobiological basis of language and related behavioral research./
Francesco Foroni and Gun R. Semin have found in their second experiment that
A:simply reading emotion words will activate the muscles in our face. B:emotion verbs will affect our judgments only when presented unconsciously. C:the smiling verbs preceding the cartoons made the cartoons funnier. D:not all participants fell under the influence of emotion verbs.
Mary has a curious expression on her face as though she ______ about something.
A:is smiling B:were smiling C:smiles D:has smiled
Facial expressions carry meanings that are partly determined by culture. For example, many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do, so teachers in the United States sometimes have trouble knowing whether their Japanese students understand and enjoy their lessons.
Another example is the smile. As a common facial expression, it may show affection, convey politeness, or disguise(掩饰)true feelings. But in different cultures. smiles have different meanings. Many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even a suspicious behavior. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places, for American culture a smile is typically an expression of pleasure. Therefore some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover emotional pain or embarrassment. Vietnamese people may tell the sad story of how they had to leave their country but end the story with a smile.
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage（ ）
A:Russians think smiling at strangers is a proper behavior. B:Russians usually smile as frequently as Americans do. C:Many Americans smile freely at strangers in public. D:Russians and Americans have the same opinion of smiles.
The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror（ ）.
A:smiling B:laughing C:shouting D:staring
The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.
A:staring B:laughing C:shouting D:smiling
{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}
{{B}}? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? A Minor
Microsurgery{{/B}}
? ?Last year, Sean Martinovich, from Whitianga,
had life-saving surgery when a golf-sized tumor was removed from his brain stem.
But the operation left half his face paralysed. He talked with a slur, sometimes
dribbled out of the side of his mouth and could not close his eye properly.
Although he could run around with the other boys in the playground, when they
laughed he could not laugh with them. Without a smile, he could suffer
psychologically and emotionally.
? ?Last week, 6-year-old Sean had
seven hours of microsurgery that should give him back his smile. Doctor Bartlett
removed a nerve from the back of one of Sean’s legs and transplanted it into his
face. On the normal side of his face the nerve divides into lots of little
branches. "We’ll cut those nerve branches and then we’ll take a nerve graft from
one leg and tunnel it across his face from one side to the other and join that
on to the nerve that’s been cut on the good side of his face. " Doctor Bartlett
said, before the operation. "If this was not fixed he could face physical and
emotional problems as he got older," Doctor Bartlett said. "Socially people can
become quite withdrawn because of the face paralysis. It’s easy for people,
especially children, to become rather emotionless because they prefer the
flatness of no movement on either side to the weirdness of an asymmetry of
smiling on one side and having this twisted face. "
? ?Scan is not
smiling yet. Over the next six months the nerves will grow across the face to
the damaged side and after that movement will hopefully come back. Sean’s
parents, Steve and Wendy Martinovich, said they had been through a year of hell.
But their son was a determined boy who just got on with it, said Mrs
Martinovich. They are amazed at the technology that they hope will restore the
cheeky smile they love so much. For Doctor Bartlett the microsurgery is almost
routine. For Sean’s parents, it is a miracle. |
According to Doctor Bartlett, If the nerve was not fixed, Sean Martinovich could face physical and emotional problems as he got older. Why? ______.
A:Because he may not want others to see the weirdness of an asymmetry of smiling on one side, so he will choose to withdraw. B:Because other children will be scared to see his face. C:Because he will be through time of hell. D:Because other children will refuse to talk or play with him.
The girl is {{U}}gazing{{/U}} at herself in the mirror.
A:staring B:laughing C:shouting D:smiling
单选题
