How Two Great Conflicts Helped to Change Europe{{/B}}
?
?Ninety years ago on a sunny morning in Northern France, something happened
that changed Britain and Europe for ever. At half past seven on the morning of
July 1,1916, whistles (哨子) blew and thousands of British soldiers left their
positions to attack their German enemies. By the end of the day, 20,000 of them
were dead, and another 30,000 wounded or missing. The Battle of the Somme,
{{U}}?(51) ?{{/U}} it is called, lasted for six months. When it ended,
125,000 British soldiers were dead. They had gained five kilometers of
ground. ? ?This was one of a series of great battles during WWI.
The attack on the Somme was staged to relieve {{U}}?(52) ?{{/U}} on the
French, who were engaged in a great battle of their own at a place called
Verdun. By the time the battle ended, over a million French and German troops
had been killed. ? ?About 17 million people were killed in WWI.
There have been wars with greater numbers of dead. But there has never been one
in {{U}}?(53) ?{{/U}} most of the dead were concentrated in such a small
area. On the Somme battlefield, two men died for every meter of space. ?
?Local farmers working in the land still {{U}}?(54) ?{{/U}} the
bodies of those who died in that battle. The dead of all nations were buried in
a series of giant graveyards along the line of the border {{U}}?(55)
?{{/U}} France and Belgium. Relatives and descendants (子孙) of those who died
still visit these graveyards today. What the French call the "tourism of death"
{{U}}?(56) ?{{/U}} an important contribution to the local
economy. ? ?It took a second great conflict before Europe was to
turn {{U}}?(57) ?{{/U}} war itself. Twenty-eight years after the Somme
battle, a liberating army of British, American and Canadian troops took back
{{U}}?(58) ?{{/U}} from another German invasion. More than 500,000 people
were killed. New {{U}}?(59) ?{{/U}} were built. ? ?Two great
conflicts across two generations helped to change the European mind about war.
Germany, once the most warlike country in Europe, is now probably more in
{{U}}?(60) ?{{/U}} of peace than any other. One major cause of war in
Europe was rivalry (竞争) between France and Germany. The European Union was
specifically formed to end that {{U}}?(61) ?{{/U}}. ?
?According to US commentator William Pfaff, "Europeans are interested in a
slow development of civilized and tolerant international relations,
{{U}}?(62) ?{{/U}} on problems while avoiding catastrophes (灾难) along the
way. They have themselves only recently {{U}}?(63) ?{{/U}} from the
catastrophes of WWI and WWII, when tens of millions of people were destroyed.
They don’t want {{U}}?(64) ?{{/U}}." ? ?The last British
veteran of the Somme battle died in 2005, aged 108. And WWI is passing out of
memory and into history. But for anyone who wants to understand how Europeans
{{U}}?(65) ?{{/U}}, it is still important to know a little about the
terrible events of July 1, 1916.
How Two Great Conflicts Helped to Change Europe{{/B}}
?
?Ninety years ago on a sunny morning in Northern France, something happened
that changed Britain and Europe for ever. At half past seven on the morning of
July 1,1916, whistles (哨子) blew and thousands of British soldiers left their
positions to attack their German enemies. By the end of the day, 20,000 of them
were dead, and another 30,000 wounded or missing. The Battle of the Somme,
{{U}}?(51) ?{{/U}} it is called, lasted for six months. When it ended,
125,000 British soldiers were dead. They had gained five kilometers of
ground. ? ?This was one of a series of great battles during WWI.
The attack on the Somme was staged to relieve {{U}}?(52) ?{{/U}} on the
French, who were engaged in a great battle of their own at a place called
Verdun. By the time the battle ended, over a million French and German troops
had been killed. ? ?About 17 million people were killed in WWI.
There have been wars with greater numbers of dead. But there has never been one
in {{U}}?(53) ?{{/U}} most of the dead were concentrated in such a small
area. On the Somme battlefield, two men died for every meter of space. ?
?Local farmers working in the land still {{U}}?(54) ?{{/U}} the
bodies of those who died in that battle. The dead of all nations were buried in
a series of giant graveyards along the line of the border {{U}}?(55)
?{{/U}} France and Belgium. Relatives and descendants (子孙) of those who died
still visit these graveyards today. What the French call the "tourism of death"
{{U}}?(56) ?{{/U}} an important contribution to the local
economy. ? ?It took a second great conflict before Europe was to
turn {{U}}?(57) ?{{/U}} war itself. Twenty-eight years after the Somme
battle, a liberating army of British, American and Canadian troops took back
{{U}}?(58) ?{{/U}} from another German invasion. More than 500,000 people
were killed. New {{U}}?(59) ?{{/U}} were built. ? ?Two great
conflicts across two generations helped to change the European mind about war.
Germany, once the most warlike country in Europe, is now probably more in
{{U}}?(60) ?{{/U}} of peace than any other. One major cause of war in
Europe was rivalry (竞争) between France and Germany. The European Union was
specifically formed to end that {{U}}?(61) ?{{/U}}. ?
?According to US commentator William Pfaff, "Europeans are interested in a
slow development of civilized and tolerant international relations,
{{U}}?(62) ?{{/U}} on problems while avoiding catastrophes (灾难) along the
way. They have themselves only recently {{U}}?(63) ?{{/U}} from the
catastrophes of WWI and WWII, when tens of millions of people were destroyed.
They don’t want {{U}}?(64) ?{{/U}}." ? ?The last British
veteran of the Somme battle died in 2005, aged 108. And WWI is passing out of
memory and into history. But for anyone who wants to understand how Europeans
{{U}}?(65) ?{{/U}}, it is still important to know a little about the
terrible events of July 1, 1916.
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