• A. Pacific war
• B. Gloomy world
• C. Putin’s commemorating speech
• D. China’s determination
• E. Schroeder’s plea for forgiveness
• F. World’s worst disaster

Paragraph 4 ______

On Sept. 24,President Barack Obama will bring together 14 world leaders for a special U. N. Security Council meeting in New York. On the agenda: how to rid the world of nuclear weapons. The summit is the latest step in the administration’s campaign to eliminate nukes.
The efforts to eliminate nukesare all grounded in the same proposition: that nuclear weapons represent the" gravest threat" to U. S. security. This argument has a lot going for it. It’s also popular; U.S. presidents have been making similar noises since the Eisenhower administration, and halting the spread of nukes( if not eliminating them altogether) is one of the few things Obama, Vladimir Putin and Benjamin Netanyahu can all agree on. There’s just one problem with the reasoning : it may well be wrong.
A growing and compelling body of research suggests that nuclear weapons may not, in fact, make the World more dangerous. The bomb may actually make us safer. This argument rests on two deceptively simple observations. First, nuclear weapons have not been used since 1945. Second, there’s never been a nuclear war, or even a nonnuclear war between two states that possess them. Just stop for a second and think about that : it’s hard to overstate how remarkable it is. especially given the singular viciousness of the 20th century. As Kenneth Waltz, the leading" nuclear optimist" and a professor of political science at UC Berkeley puts it," We now have 64 years of experience since Hiroshi- ma. It’s striking and against all historical precedent that for that substantial period, there has not been any war among nuclear states. "
To understand why the next 64 years are likely to play out the same way—Iyou need to start by recognizing that all states are rational on some basic level. Their leaders may be stupid, petty even evil, but they tend to do things only when they’re pretty sure they can get away with them. Take war: a country will start a fight only when it’almost certain it can get what it wants at an acceptable price. Not even Hider or Saddam waged wars they didn’t think they could win. The problem historically has been that leaders often make the wrong gamble and underestimate the other side—millions of innocents pay the price.
According to the passage ,why the Obama administration urged the world to get rid of nukes

A:Because only the Obama administration takes this issue seriously. B:Because it is stated that the nuclear weapons are the biggest theart to U. S. C:Because there are too many nuclear weapons. D:Because U. S. has fewer nuclear weapons than the other countries.

On Sept. 24,President Barack Obama will bring together 14 world leaders for a special U. N. Security Council meeting in New York. On the agenda: how to rid the world of nuclear weapons. The summit is the latest step in the administration’s campaign to eliminate nukes.
The efforts to eliminate nukesare all grounded in the same proposition: that nuclear weapons represent the" gravest threat" to U. S. security. This argument has a lot going for it. It’s also popular; U.S. presidents have been making similar noises since the Eisenhower administration, and halting the spread of nukes( if not eliminating them altogether) is one of the few things Obama, Vladimir Putin and Benjamin Netanyahu can all agree on. There’s just one problem with the reasoning : it may well be wrong.
A growing and compelling body of research suggests that nuclear weapons may not, in fact, make the World more dangerous. The bomb may actually make us safer. This argument rests on two deceptively simple observations. First, nuclear weapons have not been used since 1945. Second, there’s never been a nuclear war, or even a nonnuclear war between two states that possess them. Just stop for a second and think about that : it’s hard to overstate how remarkable it is. especially given the singular viciousness of the 20th century. As Kenneth Waltz, the leading" nuclear optimist" and a professor of political science at UC Berkeley puts it," We now have 64 years of experience since Hiroshi- ma. It’s striking and against all historical precedent that for that substantial period, there has not been any war among nuclear states. "
To understand why the next 64 years are likely to play out the same way—Iyou need to start by recognizing that all states are rational on some basic level. Their leaders may be stupid, petty even evil, but they tend to do things only when they’re pretty sure they can get away with them. Take war: a country will start a fight only when it’almost certain it can get what it wants at an acceptable price. Not even Hider or Saddam waged wars they didn’t think they could win. The problem historically has been that leaders often make the wrong gamble and underestimate the other side—millions of innocents pay the price.
Which one of the following statement is NOT right according to the passage

A:Nuclear weapons have not been used since 1945. B:There’s never been a war between any two countries. C:From the Eisenhower administration on, nuclear weapons are to be a big concern. D:Many evidences support the idea that nuclear weapons are the biggest threat to U. S.

60th Anniversary Ceremony in Moscow 　　1　With thousands of soldiers and war veterans parading across Moscow’s Red Squareand fighter jets screaming overhead， Russia celebrated the 60th anniversary of defeating Nazi Germany. More than 50 world leaders， including China’s President Hu Jintao， attended the ceremony. 　　2　Speaking at the start of the parade， Russia’s President Vladimir Putin praised all those who fought for freedom and independence. "The war shows that resorting to force to solve problems will result in tragedy for the world， so a peaceful order should be safeguarded （护卫） based on security， justice and cultural exchange，" Putin said. "Faced with the real threat of terrorism today， we must remain faithful to the memory of our fathers. It is our duty to defend a world order based on security and justice and on a new culture of relations among nations that will not allow a repeat of any war， neither ’cold’ nor ’hot’，" he continued. 　　3　The Second World War is perhaps the most catastrophic （灾难性的） event that mankind has ever suffered. The war affected 80 per cent of the world’s people at that time， from 61 countries， and claimed 55 million lives. 　　4　After the celebration， President Hu said that peace， development and cooperation were the future. "China will unswervingly （坚定地） follow the road of peace and development and will make a joint effort with all nations to contribute to safeguarding world peace and promoting development，" he said. 　　5　German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder asked Russia for forgiveness for the suffering Germany inflicted （造成） during the Second World War in an article in Sunday’s Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper. "Today we ask forgiveness for the suffering inflicted upon the Russian people and other peoples at the hands of Germans and in the name of Germans，" Schroeder said. 　　6　President Hu and the other leaders also joined a wreath （花圈） laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers on Monday. 23 Paragraph 2_____________. 24 Paragraph 3_____________. 25 Paragraph 4_____________. 26 Paragraph 5_____________.

A:Pacific war B:Gloomy world C:Putin’s commemorating speech D:China’s determination E:Schroeder’s plea for forgiveness F:World’s worst disaster

6Oth Anniversary Ceremony in Moscow 　　1　With thousands of soldiers and war veterans parading across Moscow’s Red Square and fighter jets screaming overhead， Russia celebrated the 60th anniversary of defeating Nazi Germany. More than 50 world leaders， including China’s President Hu Jintao， attended the ceremony. 　　2　Speaking at the start of the parade， Russia’s President Vladimir Putin praised all those who fought for freedom and independence. "The， war shows that resorting to force to solve problems will result in tragedy for the world， so a peaceful order should be safeguarded （护卫） based on security， justice and cultural exchange，" Putin said. "Faced with the real threat of terrorism today， we must remain faithful to the memory of our fathers. It is our duty to defend a world order based on security and justice and on a new culture of relations among nations that will not allow a repeat of any war， neither ’cold’ nor ’hot’，" he continued. 　　3　The Second World War is perhaps the most catastrophic （灾难性的） event that mankind has ever suffered. The war affected 80 per cent of the world’s people at that time， from 61 countries， and claimed 55 million lives. 　　4　After the celebration， President Hu said that peace， development and cooperation were the future. "China will unswervingly （坚定地）， follow the road of peace and development and will make a joint effort with all nations to contribute to safeguarding world peace and promoting development，" he said. 　　5　German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder asked Russia for forgiveness for the suffering Germany inflicted （造成） during the Second World War in an article in Sunday’s Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper. "Today we ask forgiveness for the suffering inflicted upon the Russian people and other peoples at the hands of Germans and in the name of Germans，" Schroeder said. 　　6　President Hu and the other leaders also joined a wreath （花圈） laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers on Monday. 23 Paragraph 2__________. 24 Paragraph 3__________. 25 Paragraph 4__________. 26 Paragraph 5__________.

A:Gloomy world B:Putin’s commemorating speech C:China’s determination D:Schroeder’s plea for forgiveness E:World’s worst disaster F:Pacific war

6Oth Anniversary Ceremony in Moscow 　　1　With thousands of soldiers and war veterans parading across Moscow’s Red Square and fighter jets screaming overhead， Russia celebrated the 60th anniversary of defeating Nazi Germany. More than 50 world leaders， including China’s President Hu Jintao， attended the ceremony. 　　2　Speaking at the start of the parade， Russia’s President Vladimir Putin praised all those who fought for freedom and independence. "The， war shows that resorting to force to solve problems will result in tragedy for the world， so a peaceful order should be safeguarded （护卫） based on security， justice and cultural exchange，" Putin said. "Faced with the real threat of terrorism today， we must remain faithful to the memory of our fathers. It is our duty to defend a world order based on security and justice and on a new culture of relations among nations that will not allow a repeat of any war， neither ’cold’ nor ’hot’，" he continued. 　　3　The Second World War is perhaps the most catastrophic （灾难性的） event that mankind has ever suffered. The war affected 80 per cent of the world’s people at that time， from 61 countries， and claimed 55 million lives. 　　4　After the celebration， President Hu said that peace， development and cooperation were the future. "China will unswervingly （坚定地）， follow the road of peace and development and will make a joint effort with all nations to contribute to safeguarding world peace and promoting development，" he said. 　　5　German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder asked Russia for forgiveness for the suffering Germany inflicted （造成） during the Second World War in an article in Sunday’s Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper. "Today we ask forgiveness for the suffering inflicted upon the Russian people and other peoples at the hands of Germans and in the name of Germans，" Schroeder said. 　　6　President Hu and the other leaders also joined a wreath （花圈） laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers on Monday. 23 Paragraph 2__________. 24 Paragraph 3__________. 25 Paragraph 4__________. 26 Paragraph 5__________.

A:Gloomy world B:Putin’s commemorating speech C:China’s determination D:Schroeder’s plea for forgiveness E:World’s worst disaster F:Pacific war

6Oth Anniversary Ceremony in Moscow 　　1　With thousands of soldiers and war veterans parading across Moscow’s Red Square and fighter jets screaming overhead， Russia celebrated the 60th anniversary of defeating Nazi Germany. More than 50 world leaders， including China’s President Hu Jintao， attended the ceremony. 　　2　Speaking at the start of the parade， Russia’s President Vladimir Putin praised all those who fought for freedom and independence. "The， war shows that resorting to force to solve problems will result in tragedy for the world， so a peaceful order should be safeguarded （护卫） based on security， justice and cultural exchange，" Putin said. "Faced with the real threat of terrorism today， we must remain faithful to the memory of our fathers. It is our duty to defend a world order based on security and justice and on a new culture of relations among nations that will not allow a repeat of any war， neither ’cold’ nor ’hot’，" he continued. 　　3　The Second World War is perhaps the most catastrophic （灾难性的） event that mankind has ever suffered. The war affected 80 per cent of the world’s people at that time， from 61 countries， and claimed 55 million lives. 　　4　After the celebration， President Hu said that peace， development and cooperation were the future. "China will unswervingly （坚定地）， follow the road of peace and development and will make a joint effort with all nations to contribute to safeguarding world peace and promoting development，" he said. 　　5　German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder asked Russia for forgiveness for the suffering Germany inflicted （造成） during the Second World War in an article in Sunday’s Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper. "Today we ask forgiveness for the suffering inflicted upon the Russian people and other peoples at the hands of Germans and in the name of Germans，" Schroeder said. 　　6　President Hu and the other leaders also joined a wreath （花圈） laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers on Monday. 23 Paragraph 2__________. 24 Paragraph 3__________. 25 Paragraph 4__________. 26 Paragraph 5__________.

A:Gloomy world B:Putin’s commemorating speech C:China’s determination D:Schroeder’s plea for forgiveness E:World’s worst disaster F:Pacific war