单选题
单选题
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How We Form First Impression。
We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her - aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits?
The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits. Even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information - the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming signals are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex(皮质) system to determine what these new signals “mean”.
If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe”. If you see someone new, it says, “new and potentially threatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this strangers with other “known” memories. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new, I don’t like this person” Or else, “I’m intrigued(好奇的)”. Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures - like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person”. But these preliminary impressions can be dead wrong.
When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people - their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character - we categorize them as jocks(骗子), peeks(反常的人), or freaks(怪人).
However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.
If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is most likely to say_______.A:“He is familiar and safe.” B:“He is new and potentially threatening.” C:“I like this person.” D:“This is new, I don’t like this person.”
Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own (1) and cure.
Culture shock is (2) by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one (3) in which we orient ourselves to the (4) of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to (5) purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statement seriously and when not. These cues, (6) may be words, gestures, facial (7) customs, or norms, are (8) by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a (9) of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us (10) for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, (11) of which we do not carry on the (12) of conscious awareness.
Now when an individual (13) a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or (14) of goodwill you may be, a series of props have been (15) under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and (16) . People react to the frustration in much the (17) way. First they reject the environment which causes the (18) . "The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad." When foreigners in a strange land get together to (19) about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are (20) from culture shock.
A:finite B:strange C:same D:familiar
Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own (1) and cure.
Culture shock is (2) by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one (3) in which we orient ourselves to the (4) of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to (5) purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statement seriously and when not. These cues, (6) may be words, gestures, facial (7) customs, or norms, are (8) by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a (9) of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us (10) for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, (11) of which we do not carry on the (12) of conscious awareness.
Now when an individual (13) a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or (14) of goodwill you may be, a series of props have been (15) under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and (16) . People react to the frustration in much the (17) way. First they reject the environment which causes the (18) . "The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad." When foreigners in a strange land get together to (19) about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are (20) from culture shock.
A:finite B:strange C:same D:familiar
Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text, Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own (1) and cure. Culture shock is (2) by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one (3) in which we orient ourselves to the (4) of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to (5) purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statement seriously and when not. These cues, (6) may be words, gestures, facial (7) customs, or norms, are (8) by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a (9) of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us (10) for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, (11) of which we do not carry on the (12) of conscious awareness. Now when an individual (13) a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or (14) of goodwill you may be, a series of props have been (15) under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and (16) . People react to the frustration in much the (17) way. First they reject the environment which causes the (18) . "The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad." When foreigners in a strange land get together to (19) about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are (20) from culture shock.
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.1（）A:finite B:strange C:same D:familiar
Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview,______
A:but most of them wish to stay away from it B:and many of them hope to be interviewed some day C:and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it D:but most of them may not have been interviewed in person
The phrase "familiar sights" in the first sentence is nearest in meaning to ______.
A:"people who are familiar with the surroundings" B:"people who enjoy sightseeing" C:"people who have very good eye-sights.” D:"people or objects that are often seen around by others"
Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. "Net choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd," William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word "habit" carries a negative implication.
So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.
But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old reads.
"The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder," says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. "But we are taught instead to ’decide’, just as our president calls himself ’the Decider’." She adds, however, that "to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities."
All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960a discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. "This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything," explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will... and Ms. Markova’s business partner. "That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence." This is where developing new habits comes in.
A:casual B:familiar C:mechanical D:changeable
Text 1
| Habits are a funny thing. We reach for
them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the
unconscious comfort of familiar routine. "Net choice, but habit rules the
unreflecting herd," William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the
ever-changing 21st century, even the word "habit" carries a negative
implication. So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old reads. "The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder," says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. "But we are taught instead to ’decide’, just as our president calls himself ’the Decider’." She adds, however, that "to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities." All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960a discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life. The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. "This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything," explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will... and Ms. Markova’s business partner. "That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence." This is where developing new habits comes in. |
A:casual B:familiar C:mechanical D:changeable
第三篇 How We Form First Impression We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her - aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits? The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits. Even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information - the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming signals are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex(皮质) system to determine what these new signals “mean”. If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe”. If you see someone new, it says, “new and potentially threatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this strangers with other “known” memories. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new, I don’t like this person” Or else, “I’m intrigued(好奇的)”. Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures - like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person”. But these preliminary impressions can be dead wrong. When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people - their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character - we categorize them as jocks(骗子), peeks(反常的人), or freaks(怪人). However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of our cortex, which allow us to be humane. If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is most likely to say
A:“He is familiar and safe.” B:“He is new and potentially threatening.” C:“I like this person.” D:“This is new, I don’t like this person.”
If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is most likely to say_______.
A:“He is familiar and safe.” B:“He is new and potentially threatening.” C:“I like this person.” D:“This is new, I don’t like this person.”
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