These are the {{U}}motives{{/U}} for doing it -综合类-总题库

In some early attempts by psychologists to describe the basic learning process, the terms ’stimulus’, ’response’ and ’reinforcement’ were introduced. In an educational setting, these (1) could be defined as follows. When a teacher gives an (2) , or sets a problem, or asks a question, the pupil (3) in some way, and the teacher then tells the pupil if he has responded correctly. The teacher’s first action is called the (4) . The pupil’s action, carrying out the instruction, or solving the problem, or answering the question, is (5) the response. When the teacher tells the pupil his response is (6) , the bond between the stimulus and the response is strengthened and reinforcement is positive. If the response is incorrect, the bond is weakened, and reinforcement is (7)
Some psychologists laid great (8) on the importance of reinforcement for continued learning. They (9) that if a learner is not given information about his responses (feedback) he may not continue to respond. (10) , if his homework is not marked regularly, he will stop doing it. If in class, the answers he gives to the teacher’s questions are (11) or brushed aside, he will stop trying to give any.
Educational psychologists are, (12) , moving away from this simple, early (13) of the basic learning process. The effects of feedback, for example, are seen to be more (14) than this description suggests. Feedback does not merely positively or negatively (15) the stimulus-response bond. It may (16) confirm previously learned meanings and associations, correct mistakes, (17) misunderstandings and show how well or badly different parts of the material have been learned. Thus (18) may have the effect of increasing the learner’s confidence, backing up his previously (19) knowledge, and showing him which items he has not (20) grasped.

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1.11（）

A:answers B:responds C:retorts D:replies

Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 Points) In some early attempts by psychologists to describe the basic learning process, the terms ’stimulus’, ’response’ and ’reinforcement’ were introduced. In an educational setting, these (1) could be defined as follows. When a teacher gives an (2) , or sets a problem, or asks a question, the pupil (3) in some way, and the teacher then tells the pupil if he has responded correctly. The teacher’s first action is called the (4) . The pupil’s action, carrying out the instruction, or solving the problem, or answering the question, is (5) the response. When the teacher tells the pupil his response is (6) , the bond between the stimulus and the response is strengthened and reinforcement is positive. If the response is incorrect, the bond is weakened, and reinforcement is (7) Some psychologists laid great (8) on the importance of reinforcement for continued learning. They (9) that if a learner is not given information about his responses (feedback) he may not continue to respond. (10) , if his homework is not marked regularly, he will stop doing it. If in class, the answers he gives to the teacher’s questions are (11) or brushed aside, he will stop trying to give any. Educational psychologists are, (12) , moving away from this simple, early (13) of the basic learning process. The effects of feedback, for example, are seen to be more (14) than this description suggests. Feedback does not merely positively or negatively (15) the stimulus-response bond. It may (16) confirm previously learned meanings and associations, correct mistakes, (17) misunderstandings and show how well or badly different parts of the material have been learned. Thus (18) may have the effect of increasing the learner’s confidence, backing up his previously (19) knowledge, and showing him which items he has not (20) grasped.

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.9（）

A:answers B:responds C:retorts D:replies

According to the passage, what is the probable reason for the longer replies of PresidentKennedy______

A:The reporters asked some difficult and embarrassing questions B:President Kennedy unconsciously sought social integration with other people C:President Kennedy was imitating the reporters D:President Kennedy preferred talking equilibrium in his conversation

These are the motives for doing it.（）