Text 4
Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as a time of rising affluence side by side with rising poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and technical jobs, along with more two career couples whose combined incomes provide a" comfortable living". Yet simultaneously, the nation’ s poverty rate rose between 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2, or by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it was still held at 13.5 percent in 1987, comprising a population of 32:5 million Americans.
The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a group of English magistrates decided that a minimum in come should be "the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent". Today the Census Bureau defines the threshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one third of their income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American population was poor in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent. With the adoption of the Johnson administration ’ s antipoverty programs, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969. But since then, it has stopped falling. Liberals contend that the poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living.
Conservatives say that it is too high because the poor receive other forms of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies, and health care.

In which of the following years did the poor people constitute the largest proportion of the American population（）

A:1973. B:1987. C:1969. D:1983.

(By the time) Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin, Jr. walked on the Moon (in July 1969), there (will have) been many (space) expeditions.

A:By the time B:in July 1969 C:will have D:space

In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all the people in the U.S. equal. Some of them de tided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies. They formed utopian communities, which they called "communes", where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing". A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City". Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller, they built dome- shaped house from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey’s Merry Pranksters, the followers of San Francisco poet Steve Gaskin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school buses and travelled around the United States. The Hog Farm became famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin’s followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tenessee, but they had to leave when some members of the group were arrested for growing marijuana.
Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do your own thing" however; Twin Oaks, a commune founded in Virginia in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B. F. Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner’s "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972,Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city in Arizona where 2,500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archaeology". Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.
What was the Twin Oaks commune based on It was based on ______.

A:the philosophy of "do your own thing" B:Virginia in the late 1969’s C:the ideas of psychologist Ｂ. Ｆ. Skinner D:the belief that people must live closely together

There have been many great (21) . The first great invention was one that is still very important to day--the wheel. This made it easier to carry (22) things and to travel long distances.
In the early 1800s the world (23) to change. There was little unknown land left in the world. People did not have to explore much any more. They began to work instead to make life belier.
In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. Among them were the camera, the electric light and the radio. These all became a big part (24) our life today.
The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions: the helicopter in 1909, movies with sound in 1926, the computer in 1928, and jet planes in 1930. This was also a time (25) a new material was first made. Nylon came out in 1935. It changed the kind of clothes people wore.
The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people (26) disease. They worked very well. They made people healthier and let them live (27) lives. By the 1960’s most people could expect to live to be at least 60.
By this time most people had a very good life.’ Of course new inventions continued to be made. Man began (28) ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took a step. Since then other countries, including China and Japan, have made their steps into space.
In 1969 man took his biggest step away from earth. Americans first walked on the moon. This is certainly just a (29) though. New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never yet (30) .

24（）

A:begin B:beginning C:began D:starting

There have been many great (21) . The first great invention was one that is still very important to day--the wheel. This made it easier to carry (22) things and to travel long distances.
In the early 1800s the world (23) to change. There was little unknown land left in the world. People did not have to explore much any more. They began to work instead to make life belier.
In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. Among them were the camera, the electric light and the radio. These all became a big part (24) our life today.
The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions: the helicopter in 1909, movies with sound in 1926, the computer in 1928, and jet planes in 1930. This was also a time (25) a new material was first made. Nylon came out in 1935. It changed the kind of clothes people wore.
The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people (26) disease. They worked very well. They made people healthier and let them live (27) lives. By the 1960’s most people could expect to live to be at least 60.
By this time most people had a very good life.’ Of course new inventions continued to be made. Man began (28) ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took a step. Since then other countries, including China and Japan, have made their steps into space.
In 1969 man took his biggest step away from earth. Americans first walked on the moon. This is certainly just a (29) though. New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never yet (30) .

29（）

A:begin B:beginning C:began D:starting

Passage Two

What was the Twin Oaks commune based on It was based on ______.

A:the philosophy of "do your own thing" B:Virginia in the late 1969’s C:the ideas of psychologist Ｂ. Ｆ. Skinner D:the belief that people must live closely together

In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all the people in the U.S. equal. Some of them de tided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies. They formed utopian communities, which they called "communes", where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing". A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City". Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller, they built dome- shaped house from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey’s Merry Pranksters, the followers of San Francisco poet Steve Gaskin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school buses and travelled around the United States. The Hog Farm became famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin’s followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tenessee, but they had to leave when some members of the group were arrested for growing marijuana.
Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do your own thing" however; Twin Oaks, a commune founded in Virginia in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B. F. Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner’s "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972,Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city in Arizona where 2,500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archaeology". Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.

What was the Twin Oaks commune based on It was based on （）

A:the philosophy of "do your own thing" B:Virginia in the late 1969’s C:the ideas of psychologist Ｂ. Ｆ. Skinner D:the belief that people must live closely together

34（）

A:wanted B:hurried C:refused D:began