Text 2
People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation’s economy would bring social chaos. In the years following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the economy entered a periodof sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century. Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation’s labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultura pursuits
Although the birth rate continued to, decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth century. As the population grew, its makeup also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility -- downward as well as upward -- touched almost everyone. Local studies indicate that nearly three- quarters of the population in the North and South, in the emerging cities of the Northeast, and in the restless rural counties of the West changed their residence each decade. As a consequence, historian David Donald has written, "Social atomization affected every segment of society", and it seemed to many people that "all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded."
Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the household lost many of its earlier functions and the home came to serve as a haven of tranquillity and order. As the size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy while women ruled the home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. The intimacy of marriage that was common in earlier periods was rent, and a gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and wives.

According to the passage, as the nineteenth century progressed, the people of the United States（）

A:emigrated to other countries B:often settled in the West C:tended to change the place in which they lived D:had a higher rate of birth than ever before

Times are tough for the hundreds of English-language colleges that cluster along the south coast of England. Reforms to the student-visa system that are (1) to help cut immigration are limiting the inflow of foreigners (2) in them. But language entrepreneurs are finding (3) ways to meet the rising demand for tuition.
Students who visit English City, a language-teaching program, can chat to passers by (4) they wander through the streets, meet their tutors in virtual cafes and order snacks. Shiv Rajendran, who founded LanguageLab, a London-based start-up that (5) English City, says business is booming, though from a (6) base.
Online language instructors are benefiting from recent changes to the immigration regime. Schools that (7) students from outside the European Union must now demonstrate their trustworthiness to the borders agency. (8) , students can no longer obtain a general visa that (9) their time at both language school and university. (10) , Tony Millns of English UK, a lobby group, (11) that 40,000 fewer language students will come this year, leaving Britain ￡600m (12) off.
Another response to this (13) among some adventurous English-language colleges has been to set up shop abroad. The London School of English has established campuses in Georgia and Qatar and is (14) elsewhere.
Still, some students who might have come to Britain will probably (15) instead for a conventional course in America or Australia. And reforms among English-language teachers in Britain won’t (16) the impact of the visa changes on the broader economy. Colleges that are opening international branches will charge fees, but most of the income will remain (17) . Online educators are recruiting tutors in other time (18) so that classes can be taught (19) the clock. English is more popular than (20) , but the country of its birth is ill-placed to profit.

Read tile following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.1（）

A:tended B:intended C:suspended D:attempted

Children who generally tended to progress academically were______

A:those whose mothers gave them more affection B:children who had been given a balanced diet C:those whose fathers worked the night shift D:those who had no brothers or- sisters

People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation’s economy would bring social chaos. In the years following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the economy entered a periodof sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century. Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation’s labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultura pursuits
Although the birth rate continued to, decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth century. As the population grew, its makeup also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility -- downward as well as upward -- touched almost everyone. Local studies indicate that nearly three- quarters of the population in the North and South, in the emerging cities of the Northeast, and in the restless rural counties of the West changed their residence each decade. As a consequence, historian David Donald has written, "Social atomization affected every segment of society", and it seemed to many people that "all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded."
Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the household lost many of its earlier functions and the home came to serve as a haven of tranquillity and order. As the size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy while women ruled the home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. The intimacy of marriage that was common in earlier periods was rent, and a gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and wives.

According to the passage, as the nineteenth century progressed, the people of the United States（）

A:emigrated to other countries B:often settled in the West C:tended to change the place in which they lived D:had a higher rate of birth than ever before

In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. 　　The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself. 　　After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. 　　It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to__ 14__ interpretation of what happed.__ 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 __to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.19（）

A:Attempted B:tended C:chose D:intenced

In the past, American families (36) to be quite large. Parents (37) five or more children were common. Over the years, the (38) of the family has decreased. One mason for this is an increase in the (39) of living. (40) the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them (41) dependent on their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better (42) , and have more money to spend on (43) . The parents usually take the responsibility (44) all the expenses.
Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers (45) away from home. The break-up of the family occurs when the parents (46) . A lot of children in the USA. live part of their young lives with only one parent. Broken families usually result (47) problems for children and parents alike. Children blame themselves when their parents separate. They grow up feeling (48) as they are moved (49) between parents. Usually one parent is responsible for raising the children. These single parents must care for the children’s emotional and psychological (50) while also supporting them financially. This is very demanding and (51) very little time for the parent’s own personal (52) . Single parents often marry other single parents. In this type of family, unrelated children are (53) to develop brother or sister relationship. The situations of many American families today are not good. However, recent signs (54) that things are getting better. The divorce rate is (55) . The rate of childbirth is rising. Perhaps Americans have learned how important families are.

55（）

A:tended B:wanted C:seemed D:extended

In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes (部落) were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be "quite friendly with each other without a formal authority!"
Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong (一生的) familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians’ rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.
It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have gown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.
Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system, in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.
After reading the passage, you may conclude that______.

A:the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns B:the Indians tended to follow orders C:our system is much better than the Indians’ D:the Indian system would be very deficit to implement in our society

? ?下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}

After reading the passage, you may conclude that

A:the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns. B:the Indians tended to follow orders. C:our system is much better than the Indians’. D:the Indian system would be very difficult to implement in our society.

第一篇 A Society Without a Formal Authority In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes (部落) were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be "quite friendly with each other without a formal authority!" Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong (一生的) familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians’ rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale. Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system, in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives. After reading the passage, you may conclude that

A:the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns. B:the Indians tended to follow orders. C:our system is much better than the Indians’. D:the Indian system would be very difficult to implement in our society