A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.
Grimsvotn is one of the largest active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier(冰川) of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer(M) of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano ,keeping it stable. As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure Rifts. The lava(岩浆) from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what has happened today.
Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM, one of Europe’s biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane’s engines, causing damage to the plane.
The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp, glass-like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash-covered grass or the sharp objects.
Which of the following is the result of the volcanic eruption

A:People stop traveling in Europe. B:Airlines suffer from the loss of planes. C:It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outside. D:Farmers have lost many of their animals.

Men have traveled ever since they first appeared on the earth.
In primitive times they did not travel for pleasure but to find new places where their herds could feed, or to escape from hostile neighbors, or to find more favorable climates. They traveled on foot. Their journeys were long, tiring, and often dangerous. They protected themselves with simple weapons, such as wooden sticks or stone clubs, and by lighting fires at night and, above all, by keeping together.
Being intelligent and creative, they soon discovered easier ways of traveling. They rode on the backs of their domesticated animals; they hollowed out tree trunks and, by using bits of wood as paddles, were able to travel across water.
Later they traveled, not from necessity, but for the joy and excitement of seeing and experiencing new things. This is still the main reason why we travel today.
Traveling, of course, has now become a highly organized business. There are cars and splendid roads, express trains, huge ships and jet airliners, all of which provide us with comforts and security. This sounds wonderful. But there are difficulties. If you want to go abroad, you need a passport and a visa, ticket, luggage, and a hundred of other things. If you lose any of them, your journey may be ruined.

A:so we can travel anywhere without difficulty B:because we are provided with all kinds of convenient means for traveling C:because traveling organizations can be found in the countries the world over D:so travelers have increased rapidly

It usually takes much (less) time to fly from one country to (another) than (traveling) (by) train.

A:less B:another C:traveling D:by

Passage Two
Men have traveled ever since they first appeared on the earth.
In primitive times they did not travel for pleasure but to find new places where their herds could feed, or to escape from hostile neighbors, or to find more favorable climates. They traveled on foot. Their journeys were tong, tiring, and often dangerous. They protected themselves with simple weapons, such as wooden sticks or stone clubs, and by lighting fires at night and, above all, by keeping together.
Being intelligent and creative, they soon discovered easier ways of traveling. They rode on the backs of their domesticated animals; they hollowed Out tree trunks and,’ by using bits of wood as paddles, were able to travel across water.
Later they traveled, not from necessity, but for the joy and excitement of seeing and experiencing new things, This is still the main reason why we travel today.
Traveling, of course, has now become a highly organized business. There are cars and splendid roads, express trains, huge ships and jet airliners, all of which provide us with comforts and security. This sounds wonderful. But there are difficulties. If you want to go abroad, you need a passport and a visa, ticket; luggage, and a hundred of other things. If you lose any of them, your journey may be ruined.

A:so we can travel anywhere without difficulty B:because we are provided with all kinds of convenient means for traveling C:because traveling organizations can be found in the countries the world over D:so travelers have increased rapidly

We are so used to our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our mind to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted. Because we can feel that things are heavy, we think of "weight" as being a fixed quality in an object, but it is not really fixed at all. If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4,000 miles out from the earth, it would weigh only a quarter of a pound.
Why would things weigh only a quarter as much as they do at the surface of the earth if we took them 4,000 miles out into space The reason is this: All objects have a natural attraction for all other objects; this is called gravitational attraction. But this power of attraction between two objects gets weaker as they get farther apart. When the butter was at the surface of the earth, it was 4,000 miles from the center. When we took the butter 4,000 miles out, it was 8,000 from the center, which is twice the distance. If you double the distance between two objects, their gravitational attraction decreases four times (two times two). If you treble the distance, it gets nine times weaker (three times three) and so on.
So this is one of the first things we need to remember: that the weight of an object in space is not the same as its weight on the surface of the earth.
What about the weight of our pound of butter on the surface of the moon At the distance the pull of the earth is about 4,000 times smaller than it is here on the surface, so we can forget all about the earth-pull on our butter.
On the other hand, on the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon, but the butter will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it does on the earth. This is because the moon is so much smaller than the earth. The amount of gravitational pull that a body produces depends on the amount of material in it. A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own; but this is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon, or the earth, or the sun.

A:different weight systems in different places B:freedom from traditional ideas C:traveling from the earth to the moon D:the effect of gravitation on weight

A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.
Grimsvotn is one of the largest active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier(冰川) of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer(M) of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano ,keeping it stable. As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure Rifts. The lava(岩浆) from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what has happened today.
Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM, one of Europe’s biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane’s engines, causing damage to the plane.
The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp, glass-like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash-covered grass or the sharp objects.
Which of the following is the result of the volcanic eruption

A:People stop traveling in Europe. B:Airlines suffer from the loss of planes. C:It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outside. D:Farmers have lost many of their animals.

A A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe.Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean,leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports. Grimsvotn is one of the largest active volcanoes in Europe.What makes Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier（冰川） of ice up to 12 meters thick.The hot volcano heats up the ice above it,which then forms a layer（层） of water between the glacier and the volcano.This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano,keeping it stable.As the water flows out from under the glacier,the pressure lifts.The lava（岩浆） from the volcano then comes up to the surface.This is exactly what has happened today. Now,airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash.According to KLM,one of Europes biggest airlines,airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it.Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplanes engines,causing damage to the plane. The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland.The volcano left ash and sharp,glasslike rocks all over the countryside.Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ashcovered grass or the sharp objects. Which of the following is the result of the volcanic eruption

A:People stop traveling in Europe. B:Airlines suffer from the loss of planes. C:It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outside. D:Farmers have lost many of their animals.