Text 1
Blues is a genre of Afro-American folk and popular song in 44 time. It is generally 12 bars long, falling into three phrases of four bars each (one phrase for each line of text). The most typical chord pattern for these phrases is based on the first, fourth, and fifth notes of the scale: phrase 1-III; phrase 2-IV II; phrase’ 3-VV (or V) II. Each phrase of sung text is normally followed by instrumental improvisation, creating a call-and-response ’pattern. Blues music uses a scale in which the third, fifth, and seventh notes are freely ’bent,’ or microtonally flattened in comparison with the standard major scale. Blues tends to deal with the hardships of life and the sadness of love.
Blues singing, rooted in various forms of black American slave song, was widespread in the southern U. S. by the late 19th century. ’ Archaic’ and’ country’ blues differed widely in their lyric and musical form; singers typically accompanied themselves on guitar or harmonica. Later singers in this style include Blind Lemon Jefferson and Leadbelly. In 1912, with the publication of "Memphis Blues" by W. C. Handy, blues entered the range of popular song. Classic "city" blues evolved in the 1920s and 1930s in the singing of Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, the others. Lyric and musical forms became largely standardized, and singers often worked with jazz band or piano. Adapted to solo piano, blues gave rise to boogie-woogie piano playing.
Blues and jazz overlapped, sometimes almost indistinguishably, and blues was considered a nurturing form for early jazz, but blues also developed independently. In the 1940s singers such as T-Bone Walker and Louis Jordan performed with big bands or with ensembles based on electri guitar, acoustic string bass, drums, and saxophones; the electric organ also came into use about this time. After 1950 B. B King, Ray Charles, and others used improved electric guitars and louder, electric basses; brass instruments often replaced saxophones.

In the fourth sentence in paragraph one, the "call-and-response pattern" refers to the pattern in which（）

A:a person calls and another person responds B:one phrase of the sung text responds to another C:one note responds to another D:one musical instrument responds to another

A:whistled B:sung C:showed D:presented

A:whistled B:sung C:presented D:showed

A male zebra finch chirps away to himself. Suddenly he notices a female bird nearby. He realizes he has an audience and immediately changes his song. Can the female tell the difference in his performance According to a new study, the female zebra finch knows. And she prefers the special trills he creates when he sings to her. A male zebra finch changes his song when singing to a female in ways that people can barely detect. But the female finch can tell the difference.
Scientists had noticed slight variations in the songs of male zebra finches based on whether they were singing alone or whether there was a female (and potential mate) nearby. With an audience, the males sped up the pace of their songs and controlled the notes they used.
For this study, researchers Sarah C. Woolley and Allison Doupe at the University of California, San Francisco decided to focus attention on the listening females, which have not been well studied in the past.
In the study, Woolley and Doupe set up, a long cage with a sound speaker at each end. One broadcast the sound of a male zebra finch singing to himself, like someone singing in the shower. The other speaker broadcast a male performing for a female audience, as if he was giving a concert.
Female birds were placed between the two speakers. Some of the birds had mates, others didn’t. The females shifted around a bit, and then most of them hopped over to sit beside just one speaker. All the birds that made a clear choice liked songs meant for a female audience, even if they’d never met the male.
Mated females also had a chance to listen to two different performance songs, one from an unknown male, and one from their mate. They spent more time listening to the concert version of their mates’ songs. This suggests that after a while, females learn to recognize and prefer the songs of their mates.
Scientists then studied the brains of the females. They found certain areas of the brain perked up when the birds listened to the concert songs. These brain areas may be involved in recognizing and evaluating the songs, and storing the memories of them.
This research deals with what’s called directed communication, when the communicator, or sender, focuses the message for a specific audience. One example is the way moms speak to their babies. Mothers around the world use the same sort of high-pitched sing-song chatter, and the babies respond best to those sounds. Songbirds are one of the only other species known to learn their communication, in this case their songs.
What is meant by "concert songs" in the seventh paragraph

A:Songs sung by zebra finches at a concert. B:Songs sung by male finches for female finches. C:Songs sung by female finches for male finches. D:Songs sung by male finches to many female finches.

A ?The blues is an emotional song
? ?B ?The officer was good for nothing
? ?C ?"the prisoners’ songs differed from those on tapes, sung at concerts and jazz sessions"
? ?D ?They identified themselves with its singers
? ?E ?Could come close to the poor and the weak
? ?F ?It was sung in their native language

Being an infantry soldier, the writer ______.

The song "Yankee Doodle" was originally sung by British troops to ridicule the American colonists.

A:given inspiration to B:make fun of C:entertain D:discourage

Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. At the turn of the last century, (51) jazz was bona, America had no prominent (52) of its own. No one knows exactly when was invented or by whom. But it began to be (53) in the early 1890s. Jazz is America’s contribution to (54) music. In contrast to classical music, which (55) formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free in form. It bubbles with energy, (56) the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s’ jazz (57) like America. And so it does today. The (58) of the music are as interesting as the music itself. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers. They were brought to the Southern states (59) slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died, his friends and relatives (60) a procession to carry to body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the (61) . On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music, suited to the occasion. (62) on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their numbers, but the living were glad to be (63) . The band played (64) music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (65) at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.

A:sung B:showed C:played D:expressed

The song "Yankee Doodle" was originally sung by British troops to {{U}}ridicule{{/U}} the American colonists.

A:given inspiration to B:make fun of C:entertain D:discourage