? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? {{B}}The Only Way Is
Up{{/B}} ? ?Think of a modem city and the first image that come to
mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to
heaven. It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go above a certain
height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city
does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build
skyscrapers. ? ?When people gather together in cities, they create
a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can
be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people
as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means
building upwards. ? ?The technology existed to do this as early as
the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one
important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to
climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of
their journey to work, or home. ? ?Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was
the man who brought us the lift - or elevator, as he preferred to call it.
However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley
system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the
system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift
falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most
to gain public confidence in the new invention, In fact, he spent a number of
years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out
before selling the idea to architects and builders. ? ?A lift would
not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an
everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who
study human behavior fund lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists
have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with
humans is in observing them in lifts. ? ?"It breaks all the usual
conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us — and you
just can’t choose to move away," says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon.
Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says.
Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close
to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most
people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes
others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking
notes, ? ?Don’t worry about them. They are probably from a
university.
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? {{B}}The Only Way Is
Up{{/B}} ? ?Think of a modem city and the first image that come to
mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to
heaven. It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go above a certain
height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city
does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build
skyscrapers. ? ?When people gather together in cities, they create
a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can
be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people
as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means
building upwards. ? ?The technology existed to do this as early as
the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one
important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to
climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of
their journey to work, or home. ? ?Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was
the man who brought us the lift - or elevator, as he preferred to call it.
However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley
system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the
system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift
falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most
to gain public confidence in the new invention, In fact, he spent a number of
years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out
before selling the idea to architects and builders. ? ?A lift would
not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an
everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who
study human behavior fund lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists
have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with
humans is in observing them in lifts. ? ?"It breaks all the usual
conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us — and you
just can’t choose to move away," says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon.
Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says.
Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close
to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most
people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes
others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking
notes, ? ?Don’t worry about them. They are probably from a
university.
When Otis came up with the idea of a lift,
A.he sold it to the architects and builders immediately. B.the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids. C.it was accepted favorably by the public. D.most people had doubt about its safety.
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