集配站 accumulated and distributed car station

It is widely known that birds learn to fly through practice, gradually (1) their innate ability into a finely tuned skill. (2) , a recent study conducted by the University of Sheffield’s Department of Psychology has discovered that the reason birds learn to fly so easily is because memories may have been left behind by their ancestors. These skills may be easy to enhance because of a (3) specified latent (4) for flying.
The researchers used simple models of brains called (5) neural networks and computer (6) to test his theory. They discovered that learning in (7) generations (8) induces the formation of a latent memory in the current generation and (9) decreases the amount of learning required. These effects are especially pronounced if there is a large biological "fitness cost" to learning, where biological fitness is measured in terms of the number of (10) each individual has.
The beneficial effects of learning also (11) the unusual form of information storage in neural networks. (12) computers, which store each item of information in a specific location in the computer’s memory chip, neural networks store each item (13) over many neuronal connections. (14) information is stored in this way then (15) is accelerated, explaining how complex motor skills, such as nest building and hunting skills, are (16) by a combination of innate ability and learning over many generations.
The researchers concluded that this new theory has its (17) in ideas (18) by James Baldwin in 1896, who firstly made the counter-intuitive argument that learning within each generation could guide evolution of innate behavior over future generations. Baldwin was right, (19) in ways less sophisticated than he could have imagined because concepts (20) artificial neural networks and distributed representations were not known in his time.

（13）（）

A:delivered B:distributed C:displayed D:disposed

Despite the bad economy, or maybe because of it, the rooftop-solar industry is booming, as Americans become increasingly intrigued by the idea of turning their roofs into mini power plants and cutting their electric bills. In 2008,33,500 rooftop solar systems were installed in the United States, a 63 percent increase over the amount of capacity installed in 2007. In California. the solar capital of country, the increase was 95 percent.
Meanwhile, the outlook for the other side of the solar industry—the large, centralized power plants—isn’t so sunny. These megaprojects—acres of desert covered in thousands of solar panels sending electricity—controlled mostly by utility companies that have had a monopoly over the country’s electricity grid, were supposed to be the key to the future of the solar industry. So far, they’re getting vastly outpaced by the decentralized rooftop approach. According to the Interstate Renewable Energy Council’s 2006—08 count, consumers added 522 megawatts to the grid: whereas utility companies added just 96 megawatts.
The disparity has utilities worried about loosing their grip on the country’s energy industry, and the $130 billion residential electricity market. In some cases, utilities are actually taking direct steps to thwart rooftop solar.
"There is a tension between distributed solar generation and utilities," says Adaln Browning, executive director of The Vote Solar initiative, a solar advocacy group in San Francisco. They’ve had the energy pie to themselves for a century, and now facing a future where clean distributed energy will play a large part, they’re looking for ways to profit from it and maintain control. People want solar panels on their roofs, so utilities should be working to make that happen rather than getting in the way. "says Browning. "
"It’s not hard to understand why a big utility might not like the idea of homes and buildings being covered in solar panels. If every building in America is generating its own solar energy, that throws a big wrench into their business model. But as most states have passed renewable-energy standards recently, mandating that a certain percentage of their energy come from renewable sources, utilities have become reluctant players in the solar game because, frankly, they have no choice. However, thanks to state and federal government subsidies, private sector can seize this opportunity to grow.
According to the passage, which one of the following statements is NOT in agreement to Adam Browning’s ideas

A:Now the reality is that the utilities and distributed solar generation can not cooperate very well. B:The utilities don’t want to share their business with the distributed solar generation. C:The utilities should help people to set up rooftop solar system when needed. D:People should pay to the utilities for the power generated from their rooftop solar systems.

Why does cream go bad faster than butter Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition--a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.
Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions--tiny globules(小球体)of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in what’s in the globules and what’s in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.
In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. "This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture," he says.
When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments(隔仓室)buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out nutrients(养料). They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. "In butter, you get a self--limiting system which stops the bacteria growing," says Broeklehurst.
The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the food’s structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning in into a solid lump.
According to the researchers, cream sours faster than butter because bacteria ______.

A:are more evenly distributed in cream B:multiply more easily in cream than in butter C:live on less fat in cream than in butter D:produce less waste in cream than in butter

{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}

According to the researchers, cream sours faster than butter because bacteria ______.

A:are more evenly distributed in cream B:multiply more easily in cream than is butter C:live on less fat in cream than in butter D:produce less waste in cream than in butter

Despite the bad economy, or maybe because of it, the rooftop - solar industry is booming, as Americans become increasingly intrigued by the idea of turning their roofs into mini power plants and cutting their electric bills. In 2008,33,500 rooftop solar systems were installed in the United States, a 63 percent increase over the amount of capacity installed in 2007. In California, the solar capital of country, the increase was 95 percent.
Meanwhile ,the outlook for the other side of the solar industry—the large, centralized power plants—isn’t so sunny. These megaprojects—acres of desert covered in thousands of solar panels sending electricity—controlled mostly by utility companies that have had a monopoly over the country’s electricity grid, were supposed to be the key to the future of the solar industry. So far, they’re getting vastly outpaced by the decentralized rooftop approach. According to the Interstate Renewable Energy Council’s 2006—2008 count, consumers added 522 megawatts to the grid; whereas utility Companies added just 96 megawatts.
The disparity has utilities worried about loosing their grip on the country’s energy industry, and the $130 billion residential electricity market. In some cases, utilities are actually taking direct steps to thwart rooftop solar.
"There is a tension between distributed solar generation and utilities," says Adam Browning, executive director of The Vote Solar Initiative, a solar advocacy group in San Francisco. "They’ve had the energy pie to themselves for a century, and now facing a future where clean distributed energy will play a large part, they’re looking for ways to profit from it and maintain control. People want solar panels on their roofs, so utilities should be working to make that happen rather than getting in the way. "says Browning.
It’s not hard to understand why a big utility might not like the idea of homes and buildings being covered in solar panels. If every building in America is generating its own solar energy, that throws a big wrench into their business model. But as most states have passed renewable - energy standards recently, mandating that a certain percentage of their energy come from renewable sources, utilities have become reluctant players in the solar game because, frankly, they have no choice. However, thanks to state and federal government subsidies, private sector can seize this opportunity to grow.
According to the passage, which one of the following statements is NOT agree able to Adam Browning’s ideas

A:Now the reality is that the utilities and distributed solar generation can not cooperate very well. B:The utilities don’t want to share their business with the distributed solar generation. C:The utilities should help people to set up rooftop solar system when needed. D:People should pay to the utilities for the power generated from their rooftop solar systems.

The grid computing is a new （） technology connecting the distributed and （） resources to the high-speed network and integrating a super-computer of processing capacity. The significance and architecture of the grid computing is explained. Several kernel technology such as OGSI, resource management, task management, task scheduling, high rate communication and security are described. Aiming at the particularity of the grid computing environment a mechanism similar to the technology of the search engine is designed to registry, discovery and （） the resources in the grid. The whole model of the resource management is built by connecting task manager in the local resource management system to others with P2P model. The task may migrate among the task managers in order to （） the load. The task users summit may be executed in relatively tight resource set, which will not only decrease the total communication overheads of the whole task but also （） the performance of the system.

The grid computing is a new （）

A:concentrative B:distributed C:aggregate D:distributing

The grid computing is a new (66) technology connecting the distributed and (67) resources to the high-speed network and integrating a super-computer of processing capacity. The significance and architecture of the grid computing is explained. Several kernel technology such as OGSI, resource management, task management, task scheduling, high rate communication and security are described. Aiming at the particularity of the grid computing environment a mechanism similar to the technology of the search engine is designed to registry, discovery and (68) the resources in the grid. The whole model of the resource management is built by connecting task manager in the local resource management system to others with P2P model. The task may migrate among the task managers in order to (69) the load. The task users summit may be executed in relatively tight resource set, which will not only decrease the total communication overheads of the whole task but also (70) the performance of the system.

（66）是（）

A:concentrative B:distributed C:aggregate D:distributing

The grid computing is a new (66) technology connecting the distributed and (67) resources to the high-speed network and integrating a super-computer of processing capacity. The significance and architecture of the grid computing is explained. Several kernel technology such as OGSI, resource management, task management, task scheduling, high rate communication and security are described. Aiming at the particularity of the grid computing environment a mechanism similar to the technology of the search engine is designed to registry, discovery and (68) the resources in the grid. The whole model of the resource management is built by connecting task manager in the local resource management system to others with P2P model. The task may migrate among the task managers in order to (69) the load. The task users summit may be executed in relatively tight resource set, which will not only decrease the total communication overheads of the whole task but also (70) the performance of the system.

（66）处填（）。

A:concentrative B:distributed C:aggregate D:distributing

Oracle RDBMS is a distributed DBMS. Which of the following techniques adapted ensure atomicity of distributed transaction ( )

A:Two Phases Commit (2P B:Remote Procedure Call (RP C:triggers D:snapshots