The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photographer’s fidelity to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art (1) distinctive from merely a practical art. Throughout the nineteenth century, the defense of photography was identical with the (2) to establish it as a fine art. (3) the charge that photographers was a soulless mechanical duplication of (4) , photographers (5) that it was instead a privileged (6) of seeing, a revolt against commonplace vision, and (7) worthy an art than painting.
Ironically, (8) photography is securely established as a fine art, many photographers find it pretentious or (9) to label it as such. Serious photographers are no longer willing to (10) whether photography is not involved with art, (11) to proclaim that their own work is not involved with it. This shows the extent (12) which they simply take for granted the concept of art imposed by the (13) of Modernism. the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aims of art.
Photographers’ disclaimers of any interest in making art tell us more about the troubled status of the contemporary (14) of art (15) about whether photography is or is not art. Photography, (16) Pop painting, reassures viewers that art is not hard; photography seems to be more about its subjects than about art.
Photography, (17) , has developed all the (18) and self-consciousness of a classic Modernist art. Many professionals privately have begun to worry that the (19) of photography as an activity subversive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the public will forget that photography is a distinctive and exalted activity— (20) , an art.
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.18（）
A:consented B:asserted C:complained D:assumed
Reading and writing have long been thought of as complementary skills: to read is to recognize and interpret language that has been written; to write is to plan and produce language (1) it can be read. It is therefore widely (2) that being able to read implies being able to writer, at least, being able to spell. Often, children are taught to read but (3) no formal tuition in spelling; it is felt that spelling will be" (4) up". The attitude has its (5) in the methods of 200 years ago, when teachers carefully taught spelling, and assumed that reading would (6) automatically. Recent research into spelling errors and "slips of the pen" has begun to show that matters are (7) so simple. There is no necessary link between reading and writing: good readers do not always (8) good writers. Nor is there any necessary link between reading and spelling: there are many people who have no (9) in reading, but who have a major persistent (10) in spelling—some researchers have estimated that this may be as (11) as 2% of the population. With children, too, there is (12) that knowledge of reading does not automatically (16) to spelling. If there (14) a close relationship, children should be able to read and spell the (15) words: but this is not so. It is (16) to find children who can read (17) better than they can spell. More surprisingly, the (18) happens with some children in the early stages of reading. One study (19) . children the same list of words to read and spell: several (20) spelled more words correctly than they were able to read correctly.
A:assumed B:guessed C:recognized D:implemented
Passage 1
Everyone wants to be healthy and happy. (61) , illness or accidents may occur without any warning. Frequently the person who is iii can be cared for at home if there is someone (62) of looking after him under the doctor’s direction. Sometimes arrangements can be made for a visiting nurse to give the necessary (63) once a day or oftener, if necessary. The responsible one in the home carries on with the rest of the care during the (64) between the nurses’ visits.
The rapid diagnosis and immediate treatment on the spot of an accident or sudden illness, (65) awaiting the arrival of doctors, is called the first aid and quite distinct from the home nursing.
When illness does come, the whole family is (66) . Many adjustments have to be made (67) the family routine needn’t be disturbed completely. Often it can be rear ranged with home duties simplified to save time and energy thus reducing (68) on the family.
The reasonable responsibility for giving nursing care is usually (69) by one person, frequently the mother. (70) , in order that she may have some much needed rest or on the contrary other members of the family should learn how to help when sickness occurs.
64（）
A:consumed B:retained C:assumed D:obtained
When enacting the prohibition laws, government officials assumed that ______.
A:every American would buy alcohol illegally B:all criminal activities would cease C:patrols of the Canadian border would halt the sale of alcohol D:the social threat from drunkenness would decline
I______ that an hour would be enough for me to get to the theatre, but I simply forgot that it was the rush hour.
A:assumed B:admitted C:acknowledged D:realized
Passage 2
Women are, on the whole, more verbal
than men. They are good at language and verbal reasoning, while men tend to be
skilled at tasks demanding visual—spatial(视空)abilities. In fact, along with
aggression, these are the most commonly accepted difference between these
sexes.
Words are tools for communicating with other people,
especially information about people. They are mainly social tools. Visual and
spatial abilities are good for imagining and manipulating objects and for
communicating information about them. Are these talents programmed into the
brain In some of the newest and most controversial research in
neurophysiology(神经生理学), it has been suggested that when it comes to the brain,
males are specialists while women are generalists.
But one knows
that, if anything, this means in terms of the abilities of the two sexes.
Engineering is both Visual and spatial, and it’s true that there are relatively
few women engineers. But women become just as skilled as men at shooting a rifle
or driving a car, task that involve visual-spatial skills. They also do equally
well at programming a computer, which is neither visual nor spatial. Women do,
however, seem less likely to fall in love with the objects themselves. We all
know men for whom machines seem to be extensions of their identity. A woman
is more likely to see her car, rifle, or computer as a useful tool but not in
itself fascinating. |
The word "accepted" in the last sentence of the first paragraph, roughly means______.
A:believed B:assumed C:received D:reconciled
It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2020（ ）.
A:challenged B:assumed C:deducted D:decreed
It is now generally assumed that the planets were formed by the accretion of gas and dust in a cosmic cloud.
A:separation B:reaction C:accumulation D:motion
It is now generally assumed that the planets were formed by the {{U}}accretion{{/U}} of gas and dust in a cosmic cloud.
A:separation B:reaction C:accumulation D:motion
According to SOLAS, 1974, as amended, the shipowner or any person who has assumed
responsibility for the ship (the “Company”) must .
A:establish SMS in accordance with ISM B:establish ISM in accordance with SMS C:establish ISM and SMS D:both B and C
单选题
