In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because （）

A:in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing B:speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed C:speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue D:All of the above

Text 2
An English schoolboy would only ask his friend:"Wassa time, then"To his teacher he would be much more likely to speak in a more standardised accent and ask: "Excuse me, sir may I have the correct time please" People are generally aware that the phrases and expressions they use are different from those of earlier generations; but they concede less that their own behaviour also varies according to the situation in which they find themselves; People have characteristic ways of talking, which are relatively stable across varying situations. Nevertheless, distinct contexts, and different listeners, demand different patterns of speech from one and the same speaker.
Not only this, but, in many cases, the way someone speaks affects the response of the person to whom he is speaking in such a way that "modelling" is seen to occur. This is what Michael Argyle has called "response matching". Several studies have shown that, the more one reveals about oneself in ordinary conversation, and the more intimate these details are, the more personal secrets the other person will divulge.
Response matching, has, in fact, been noted between two speakers in a number of ways,including how long someone speaks, the length of pauses, speech rate and voice loudness. The correspondence between the length of reporters questions when interviewing President Kennedy, and the length of his replies has been shown to have increased over the duration of his 1961--1963 news onferences. Argyle says this process may be one of "imitation ". Two American researchers, Jaffe and Feldstein, prefer to think of it as the speaker’s need for equilibrium. Neither of these explanations seems particularly convincing. It may be that response matching can be more profitably considered as an unconscious reflection of speakers’ needs for social integration with one another.
This process of modelling the other person’s speech in a conversation could also be termed speech convergence. It may only be one aspect of a much wider speech change. In other situations, speech divergence may occur when certain factors encourage a person to modify his speech away from the individual he is’dealing with. For example, a retired brigadier’s wife, renowned for her incessant snobbishness, may return her vehicle to the local garage because of inadequate servicing, voicing her complaint in elaborately phrased, yet mechanically unsophisticated( 不老练的 ) language, with a high soft-pitched voice. These superior airs and graces may simply make the mechanic reply with a flourish of almost incomprehensible technicalities, and in a louder, more deeply-pitched voice than he would have used with a less irritating customer.

The mechanic address from the retired brigadier's wife is an example of（）

A:response matching B:speech convergence C:speech divergence D:need for equilibrium

According to Short, the speech presentation continuum may NOT have the possibility of （）.

A:Direct speech B:Indirect speech C:Narrator’s Representation of Speech Acts D:Author’s Representation of Speech Acts

An important businessman was asked to give a twenty-minute speech in another city. He was too busy to write it himself, so he asked his secretary to put one together for him out of a large book of speeches which she had on her desk. She typed one out for him, and he picked it up just in time to rush off to his plane. But when he gave his speech, it ran on for an hour, and the audience (听众) was getting very tired of it by the end.
When the businessman got back to his office, he said to his secretary, "I told you it should be a twenty-minute speech!"
"That’s what I gave you," she answered, "the original and two copies. The original for you to read at the meeting, and two copies for the files, after you have checked them./

Why was the businessman not satisfied with his secretary（）

A:He had given the same speech three times. B:His speech lasted for an hour. C:He had made three speeches. D:The speech was not well written.

Passage One
An important businessman was asked to give a twenty-minute speech in another city. He was too busy to write it himself, so he asked his secretary to put one together for him out of a large book of speeches which she had on her desk. She typed one out for him, and he picked it up just in time to rush off to his plane. But when he gave his speech, it ran on for an hour, and the audience (听众) was getting very tired of it by the end.
When the businessman got back to his office, he said to his secretary, "I told you it should be a twenty-minute speech !"
"That’s what I gave you ," she answered, "the original and two copies. The original for you to read at the meeting, and two copies for the files, after you have checked them."

Why was the businessman not satisfied with his secretary（）

A:He had given the same speech three times. B:His speech lasted for an hour. C:He had made three speeches. D:The speech was not well written.

An important businessman was asked to give a twenty-minute speech in another city. He was too busy to write it himself, so he asked his secretary to put one together for him out of a large book of speeches which she had on her desk. She typed one out for him, and he picked it up just in time to rush off to his plane. But when he gave his speech, it ran on for an hour, and the audience (听众) was getting very tired of it by the end.
When the businessman got back to his office, he said to his secretary, "I told you it should be a twenty-minute speech !"
"That’s what I gave you," she answered, "the original and two copies. The original for YOU to read at the meeting, and two copies for the files, after you have checked them./
Why was the businessman not satisfied with his secretary

A:He had given the same speech three times. B:His speech lasted for an hour. C:He had made three speeches. D:The speech was not well written.

Speech therapists divide their cases into common and complex. An example of a complex case is a person suffering from aphasia. This is the loss of the ability to under- stand and/or use speech. There are many causes of aphasia, including partial brain dam- age that leaves the individual with the physical ability to speak. If the individual is able to speak but does not, the therapist must determine the cause of such conduct. Often, speech therapists determine that problems are emotional and refer the individuals with such problems to psychologists or psychiatrists trained to help them.
While a speech therapist is not trained to help persons with severe emotional disorders, the therapist does receive extensive training in such areas as anatomy(as it relates to speech, concentrating on the diaphragm, tongue, and palate), physics(particularly relating to sound), and language and communications. Some therapists take classes in elementary psychology as well.
The speech therapist must be able to diagnose the type and severity of the speech defect, then prescribe a series of treatments. While some people with severe handicaps receive individual instruction, most patients are comfortable receiving group therapy with others who have the same problem. If a patient is found to have a physical handicap that is impeding his progress, he is sent to a doctor with whom the therapist works closely.
Many therapists have a high success rate with their patients. No scientific studies have yet shown whether the intervention of the therapist was in fact the sole cause of the improvement of the patients, or whether time and maturity helped as well. A recent study has shown that persons who have not received speech therapy have often been "cured’ of their problems merely by being around others without the problem. However, that same study showed that those few persons who were not treated by therapists had extremely low self-esteem and considered themselves " different" and "retarded". The therapists often are able to make the patients see that while they are different, the difference is not of their own making, that they have not done something wrong. Therapists try to reach children when they are very young, before they have had an opportunity to be teased by other children or made to feel they are "stupid". Therapists often work with whole families, encouraging the parents and siblings to listen to the patients, taking the time to help them feel they are an important part of the family, not just brushing them off because the effort of interpreting their speech is too great or time-consuming.
Which of the following would be the best title for this passage

A:Causes and Cures of Speech Defects B:Training Requirements for Speech Therapists C:The Duties of Speech Therapists D:The History of Speech Therapy

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Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A:Causes and Cures of Speech Defects B:Training Requirements for Speech Therapists C:The Duties of Speech Therapists D:The History of Speech Therapy