It might take only the touch of peach fuzz to make an autistic child howl in pain. The odour of the fruit could be so Overpowering that he gags. For reasons that are not well understood, people with autism do not integrate all of their senses in ways that help them understand properly what they are experiencing. By the age of three, the signs of autism-- infrequent eye contact, over-sensitivity or under-sensitivity to the environment, difficulty mixing with others are in full force. There is no cure; intense behavioural therapies serve only to lessen the symptoms.
The origins of autism are obscure. But a paper in Brain, a specialist journal, casts some light. A team headed by Marcel Just, of Carnegie Mellon University, and Nancy Minshew, of the University of Pittsburgh, has found evidence of how the brains of people with autism function differently from those without the disorder.
Using a brain-scanning technique called functional magnetic-resonance imaging (FMRI), Dr. Just, Dr. Minshew and their team compared the brain activity of young adults who had "high functioning" autism (in which an autist’s IQ score is normal) with that of non-autistic participants. The experiment was designed to examine two regions of the brain known to be associated with language--Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area--when the participants were reading.
Three differences emerged. First, Wernicke’s area, the part responsible for understanding individual words, was more active in autists than non-autists. Second, Broca’s area--where the components of language are integrated to produce meaning--was less active. Third, the activity of the two areas was less synchronised.
This research has led Dr. Just to offer an explanation for autism, lie calls it "undereonnectivity theory". It depends on a recent body of work which suggests that the brain’s white matter (the wiring that connects the main Bodies of the nerve ceils, or grey matter, together) is less dense and less abundant in the brain of an autistic person than in that of a non-autist. Dr. Just suggests that abnormal white matter causes the grey matter to adapt to the resulting lack of communication. This hones some regions to levels of superior ability, while others fall by the wayside.
The team chose to examine Broca’s and Wernieke’s areas because language-based experiments are easy to conduct. But if the underconnectivity theory applies to. the rest of the brain, too, it would be less of a mystery why some people with autism are hypersensitive to their environments, and others are able to do certain tasks, such as arithmetic, so well. And if it is true that underconnectivity is indeed the main problem, then treatments might be developed to stimulate the growth of the white-matter wiring.
What will the succeeding paragraph, should there be one, most probably discuss

A:Efforts to examine other brain areas of autistic persons. B:Ways to stimulate the growth of white matter wiring. C:Other problems autistic persons may suffer from. D:Mysteries why white matter is so important.

Text 1
It might take only the touch of peach fuzz to make an autistic child howl in pain. The odour of the fruit could be so overpowering that he gags. For reasons that are not well understood, people with autism do not integrate all of their senses in ways that help them understand properly what they are experiencing. By the age of three, the signs of autism— infrequent eye contact, over-sensitivity or over—sensitivity to the environment, difficulty mixing with others—are in full force. There is no cure; intense behavioural therapies serve only to lessen the symptoms.
The origins of autism are obscure. But a paper in Brain, a specialist journal, casts some light. A team headed by Marcel Just, of Carnegie Mellon University, and Nancy Minshew, of the University of Pittsburgh, has found evidence of how the brains of people with autism function differently from those without the disorder.
Using a brain-scanning technique called functional magnetic-resonance imaging (FMRI), Dr. Just, Dr. Minshew and their team compared the brain activity of young adults who had "high- functioning" autism (in which an autiat’s IQ score is normal) with that of non-autistic participants. The experiment was designed to examine two regions of the brain known to be associated with language—Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area—when the participants were reading.
Three differences emerged. First, Wernicke’s area, the part responsible for understanding individual words, was more active in autists than non-autists. Second, Broca’s area—where the components of language are integrated to produce meaning—was less active. Third, the activity of the two areas was less synchronised.
This research has led Dr. Just to offer an explanation for autism. He calls it "underconnectivity theory". It depends on h recent body of work which suggests that the brain’s white matter (the wiring that connects the main bodies of the nerve cells, or grey matter, together) is less dense and less abundant in the brain of an autistic person than in that of a non-autist. Dr. Just suggests that abnormal white matter causes the grey matter to adapt to the resulting lack of communication. This hones some regions to levels of superior ability, while others fall by the wayside.
The team chose to examine Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas because language-based experiments are easy to conduct. But if the underconnectivity theory applies to the rest of the brain, too, it would be less of a mystery why some people with autism are hypersensitive to their environments, and others are able to do certain tasks, such as arithmetic, so well. And if it is true that underconnectivity is indeed the main problem, then treatments might be developed to stimulate the growth of the white-matter wiring.

What will the succeeding paragraph, should there be one, most probably discuss（）

A:Efforts to examine other brain areas of autistic persons. B:Ways to stimulate the growth of white matter wiring. C:Other problems autistic persons may suffer from. D:Mysteries why white matter is so important.

Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1.
Text 1

What will the succeeding paragraph, should there be one, most probably discuss

A:Efforts to examine other brain areas of autistic persons. B:Ways to stimulate the growth of white matter wiring. C:Other problems autistic persons may suffer from. D:Mysteries why white matter is so important.

While some teenagers may use cigarettes to "self-medicate" (自我治疗) against the blues (忧郁), scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually (51) depressive symptoms in some teens. "This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived (52) benefits of smoking among teens, "says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. " (53) cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to improve mood, in the long (54) we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms. "
As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to (55) mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools (56) in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods.
Participants were divided into three (57) : never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical (58) : smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired to do things; had (59) going to sleep or staying asleep; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt anxious or tense; and worried too much about things.
"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood (60) had higher risks of elevated (提升) depressive symptoms (61) teens who had never smoked, " says co-researcher Jennifer O’Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. "Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are (62) higher risk of developing depressive symptoms. "The (63) between depression and smoking exists (64) among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. "It’s (65) to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke, "says Dr. Chaiton.

A:diagnose B:increase C:examine D:treat

Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to “self-medicate”（自我治疗） against the blues,scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually __51_ depressive symptoms in some teens. “This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived _52__ benefits of smoking among teens,” says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. “_53__ cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to improve mood, in the long _54__ we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms.” As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to _55___ mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools _56__ in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods. Participants were divided into three _57___: never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical _58__; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired to do things; had _59__ going to sleep or staying asleep; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things. “Smokers who used cigarettes as mood _60__ had higher risks of elevated(提升) depressive symptoms _61__ teens who had never smoked,” says co-researcher Jennifer O’Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. “Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are _62__ higher risk of developing depressive symptoms.” The _63__ between depression and smoking exits _64__ among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. “It’s _65__ to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,” says Dr. Chaiton.

A:diagnose B:increase C:examine D:treat

While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate" against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually (51) depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived (52) benefits of smoking among teens," says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. " (53) cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating (54) or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms.".
As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires (55) their use of cigarettes to affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools (56) in high, moderate and low socio-economic neighbourhoods.
Participants were divided into three (57) : never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical (58) ; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had (59) going to sleep or staying (60) ; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things.
"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood (61) had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer O’Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. "Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of (62) depressive symptoms."
The (63) between depression and smoking exists (64) among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. "It’s (65) to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr. Chaiton.

51（）

A:examine B:increase C:decrease D:diagnose

While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate" against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually (51) depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived (52) benefits of smoking among teens," says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. " (53) cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating (54) or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires (55) their use of cigarettes to affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools (56) in high, moderate and low socio-economic neighbourhoods.
Participants were divided into three (57) : never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical (58) ; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had (59) going to sleep or staying (60) ; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things.
"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood (61) had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer O’Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. "Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of (62) depressive symptoms."
The (63) between depression and smoking exists (64) among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. "It’s (65) to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr. Chaiton.

A:examine B:increase C:decrease D:diagnose

While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate" against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually (51) depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived (52) benefits of smoking among teens," says lead researcher Michael Chatom, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. " (53) cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating (54) or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires (55) their use of cigarettes to affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools (56) in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods. Participants were divided into three (57) : never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical (58) ; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had (59) going to sleep or staying (60) ; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things.
"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood (61) had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer O’Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. "Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of (62) depressive symptoms."
(63) between depression and smoking exists (64) among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. "It’s (65) to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr. Chaiton.

A:examine B:increase C:decrease D:diagnose